Whittock, Nathaniel: The Art Of Drawing And Colouring From Nature, Flowers, Fruit, And Shells: To Which Is Added, Correct Directions For Preparing The Most Brilliant Colours For Painting On Velvet, With The Mode Of Using Them, Also The New Method Of Oriental Tinting ; With Plain And Coloured Drawings (London, 1829)

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blown. The upper blossom, that opens toward the front, should be
drawn first. Make a small oval for the centre, and draw the petal that
is nearest the eye first. This Avill be found to be the one that falls
over the stem, the edge turning over towards the centre of the flower.
When this is drawn carefully, go on with the next, and so proceed with
the five petals, letting the outline of the one immediately under the hand
be considered as a whole and complete drawing, observing to mark all
the inequalities at the edge, and taking care of the bend towards the
centre, which gives the hollow or cup-shape of the ssower. The great
advantage of a correct outline will now be seen, as it would be im-
possible to bestow all the attention upon the drawing of a single petal
if the form of the corolla had not previously been determined.
The stamens, in the centre, are formed with single lines, with an
oval bead at the top of them. They should all spring from the centre,
and incline towards the petals.
The blossom at the side is seen obliquely, consequently the centre is
not visible. As in the blossom previously drawn, begin with the petal
nearest the eye, and then proceed with the other four till the whole are
completed.
The leaf behind this group will be found particularly serviceable in
throwing them forward. The calyx of each blossom, also, is divided
into five parts, which, in the drawing, appear like separate leaves.
Nature seldom varies, and if the student is not*attentive to these par-