Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

io68

Appendix H

8e idmv = €Tepos pev Kanwv, erepos 8e edcov he cited II. "J. 417 f. But the idiom
is by no means rare : to the examples adduced by R. Kuhner—B. Gerth

Ausfuhrliche Grammatik der griechischen Sprache Hannover and Leipzig 1904

ii. 266 add Aristot. poet. I. 1447 b 14 iXeyeioTroLOvs tovs 8e iironoiovs ovopd^ovaiv,
pol. 2. 4. 1262 a 26 f. cpovovs dKovaiovs, tovs 8e £kovo-[ovs. Moreover, the existence
of the variant Krjpcov efiirXeioi, 6 pev icrdXav, aiirap 6 SeiAwi/, which is not of course
'more careless than the average of Plato's citations' but good evidence of the
pre-Aristarchean text, makes it practically certain that the jars were conceived
as two in number) :

Two jars lie buried in the floor of Zeus
Filled with the gifts he gives—evil in this,
Good in the other. Whensoever Zeus
The lightning-hurler gives a mingled lot,
He that receives it falls on evil now
And now on good. But he to whom Zeus gives
Of the sorry store is made a very scorn :
Him evil hunger drives o'er the bright earth,
Nor gods nor mortals honour him as he goes.

(7) Zeus Ktesios compared with the Di Penates.

Finally, it should be observed that sundry Greek antiquarians described the
Roman di Penates as theoi Ktesioi (Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. r. 67 tovs 8e deovs
tovtovs 'Pcopdioi pev UtvaTcis KaXovaiv • oi 8e e^epprjvevovTes els Tr\v '~EXXd8a yXcoao-av
rovvop.a oi pev IlaTpwovs diro(patvovo-ii>, oi 8e VeveBXiovs., elo~l S' ot KTrjcrtovs, aXXot
8e Mv^lovs, oi 8e ''Epniovs, cp. lb. 8. 41 nal vp,els, co deol KTrjaioL kcil ecrTca TraTpaa
kciI 8aip.ov€s oi Kare^ovTes tovtov rbv tottov, xaiPeT€)- The description was apposite ;
for the di Penates, as divinised ancestors (?? see Folk-Lore 1905 xvi. 293 ff.)
keeping watch over the penus, were in function at least strictly analogous to
Zeus Ktesios. Perhaps indeed the likeness extended to the signs and symbols
of their presence ; for the Penates of Lavinium were represented by ' cadncei of
iron and bronze together with Trojan pottery' (Timaios frag. 20 {Frag. hist. Gr.
i. 197 Miiller) ap. Dion. Hal. ant. Rom. 1. 67 o-x^p^tos Se nal popcpijs aiiTcov iripi
Tipaios p,ev 6 o-vyypa(pevs a>8e a7ro<palveTai • KrjpvKia ac8rjpd nal ^aXxa kcu icipapov
Tpco'iKov eivai ra ev tols d8vTois toIs iv Aaov'ivia neipeva iepd. TrvBeadaL 8i avros
TavTa irapd tg>v eTTixcopicov), which presumably implies metal snakes coiled about
a staff and an earthenware jar (N.B. The tabula Iliaca in three separate places
represents Aineias and Anchises as carrying the sacra of Troy in a cylindrical
jar(?) with a domed lid: see O. Jahn Griechische Bilderchroniken Bonn 1873
p. 35 pi. 1, and cp. Helbig Wandgem. Camp. p. 310 no. 1380, id. in the Bull. d.
Inst. 1879 p. 76 f., Preller—Jordan Rom. Myth? ii. 322 n. 2). The mention of
cadncei in this connexion sets us thinking. Is it possible that Hermes himself
with his chthonian and his phallic traits was of kindred origin ? The idea should
not be scouted without a careful consideration of the facts brought together by
Mr A. L. Frothingham (in the Am. Journ. Arch. 1916 xx. 175—211 and a
sequel as yet unpublished). See further supra p. 383 n. 7.