Cook, Arthur B.: Zeus: a study in ancient religion (Band 2,2): Zeus god of the dark sky (thunder and lightning): Appendixes and index (Cambridge, 1925)

Zeus Amphidraos

1071

under the protection of Zeus appears from Pind. Nem. 9. 58 ff. 6 5' 'A/x0iap?;
cr^lcraev icepavva irapfiiq | Zevs rav ftaBvcrTepvov ^dova, apv^rev 8' dp' iwjrotr, j dovpl
ILepitcXvpevov irpiv vS>ra rvnevra pa^arav \ 8vpov alcr^vvdrjpev, IO. 13 ff. yala 8' ev
Qr](3ais V7re8eKTO Kepavva>8e7(ra Alos (3eXe(riv | pavriv OiKXelSav, TroXtpoio vecpos,
Apollod. 3. 6. 8 'Ap(piapdcp' 8i (fievyovri irapa Trorapbv 'lapr/vov, irplv vtto UzpinXv-
pivov ra vara Tpcodf], Zevs Kepavvov (BaXoov rrjv yrjv biicrrrjcrev. 6 8e crvv ra> dppari
<al to) r]vi6x<p Bdrcovi, a>s 8e e'vioi 'EXdrcovi (so R. Wagner after Sommer, who
suggested ''EXdravi or 'EXaricu. L. Dindorf cj. 'EXdrco. eXdrru) R. eXdrraivi *Ra.
iXdrTcavov P. Rb. Rc. eXdrrco V. L. N. T.), eKpvCpdrj, teal Zevs dBdvarov avrov eTrolr/crev.

As a parallel to this famous scene H. Usener in the Sitzungsber. d. kais. Akad.
d. Wiss. in Wien Phil.-hist. Classe 1897 exxxvii. 3. 2, 4, 37 (=id. Kleine Schriften
Leipzig—Berlin 1913 iv. 200 ff., 234) cites the belief that Theodoric the Great,
king of the Ostrogoths, did not die in 526 A.D., but entered the earth as a living
man seated on his black charger. I am, however, inclined to lay more stress on
analogies drawn from the classical area, e.g. that of Erechtheus {supra p. 793 f.)
or those of Latinus and Aeneas {Class. Rev. 1904 xviii. 363, Folk-Lore 1905 xvi.
286). Such cases may be taken to imply that the early king, who during his
life had been credited with magical powers of making a thunderstorm, was after
his death frankly identified with the weather-god. Moreover dead kings, being
chthonian powers, can give oracles, send dreams, and bestow health on those
that consult them in the right way. Hence at the popular Amphiareion near

Fig. 918. Fig. 919.

Oropos (on which see F. Diirrbach De Oropo et Amphiarai sacro Paris 1890,
E. Bethe in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. i. 1893 ff. fig., Frazer Pausanias ii. 466 ff.
pi. 9, figs., and for recent finds etc. F. Versace in the Ath. Milth. 1908 xxxiii.
247—272, H. Lattermann ib. 1910 xxxv. 81—102, B. Leonardos in the 'E0. 'Ap%.
1913 p. 237, ib. 1916 pp. 118—[21, besides reports in the ILpanr. dp%. er. 1903
p. 33 f, 1904 p. 27 f., 1906 p. 83 f., 1913 p. 114) the marble cult-statue of Am-
phiaraos (Paus. 1. 34. 2) appears to have borne a close resemblance to Asklepios.
An autonomous copper of the town, dating from s. ii B.C. or later, has for obverse
type the head of Amphiaraos bearded and laureate, and for reverse a snake
coiled round a staff with the legend fl Pfl EMf! N (E. de Cadalvene Recueil
de medaillesgrecques inedites Paris 1828 p. 168 no. 1 = Overbeck Gall. her. Bildw.
i. 151 Atlas pi. 6, 10 = my fig. 918. Other specimens show obv. a beardless head
described as Apollon (A. v. Sallet in the Zeitschr. f. Num. 1898 xxi. 208 f. pi. 4,
10) or Amphiaraos (Head Hist, man? p. 392—a bad guess, unless the head is
really bearded, as stated by Cadalvene op. cit. p. 168 no. 2, cp. Brit. Mus. Cat.
Corns Attica etc. p. 115 pi. 20, 5) or even a female (U. Kohler in the Ath. Mitth.
1879 iy- 250 f. fig., 259 ff.), rev. a dolphin coiled round a trident with the legend
fiPn TTinN). Another copper of Oropos, struck by Gallienus, has rev.
nPfl[n I fl]N Amphiaraos enthroned to left, his left hand grasping a sceptre
and his right extended over a snake {Brit. Mus. Cat. Coins Attica etc. p. 115
pi. 20, 6, Imhoof-Blumer and P. Gardner Num. Comm. Paus. iii. 153 pi. EE, 18