DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.14697#0337
I IJ 2
Appendix N
lectisternia appear to have developed into half-length busts. Indeed, on one
occasion, when Seleukos was sending back to Athens the statues of Harmodios
and Aristogeiton carried off by Xerxes, the Rhodians invited the venerable
bronzes to a public banquet and installed them bodily on the sacred couches1.
So much for progressive anthropomorphism. The vegetable bundles, which
formed the primitive effigies2, may be taken to imply that the souls of the dead
were conceived as animating the yearly vegetation3. And the same belief may
underlie the rites of Iupiter Dapalis^ and Iupiter Farreus5, in which Mr Warde
surmounted by a half-figure and flanked by two trophies. The front is inscribed L • caldvs |
vii • vt • epv. (= Lucius Caldus septemvir epuld). To left and right is the legend, read
downwards, c-caldvs | imp-a (or Af) ■ x ( = Gains Caldus imperator augur decemvir
sacris faciundis). Below is CAiVS • iii ■ vir (= Caldus triumvir monelalis). See Morell.
Thes. Num. Fam. Rom. i. 100 ff., ii pi. Coelia i, Ia, ib, Babelon Monn. rep. rom. i. 373 ff.
with six figs., G. F. Hill Historical Roman Coins London 1909 p. 76 ff. pi. 10, 44, Brit.
Mus. Cat. Rom. Coins Rep. i. 475 pi. 47, 235., pi. 48, 1. Figs. 973—975 are from
specimens in my collection. The identification of the personage seen above the couch has
long been disputed. He is either the moneyer's father, L. Coelius Caldus, as septemvir
epulo preparing the feast for Iupiter (Rasche Lex. Num. ii. 659 f., T. Mommsen Histoire
de la monnaie romaine Paris 1870 ii. 506, Babelon loc. cit., G. F. Hill op. cit. p. 78), or—
more probably—the effigy of Iupiter himself eating the sacrificial meal (see the remarks
of S. Havercamp in Morell. op. cit. i. 102, Stevenson—Smith—Madden Diet. Rom.
Coins p. 507, H. A. Grueber in Brit. Mus. Cat. Rom. Coins Rep. i. 474 n. 2).
The two epula Lovis, which took place on Sept. 13, the foundation-day of the
Capitoline temple, and on Nov. 13, were in relation to the ludi Romani and ludi plebei
respectively (Wissowa Rel. Kult. Rom.2 pp. 127, 423, 453(1.). Iupiter had a lectulus,
Iuno and Minerva each a sella (Val. Max. 2. 1. 2), while the magistrates and senate took
the meal before them in Capitolio (Liv. 38. 57, 45. 39, Gell. 12. 8. 2 f., Dion Cass. 39.
30, 48. 52). See further E. Aust in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 732, 734 f., W. Warde Fowler
The Roman Festivals London 1899 p. 2151?., id. The Religious Experience of the Roman
People London 1911 pp. 172 f., 336, 338, 353. Hence the title of Iupiter Epulo {Corp.
inscr. Lat. vi no. 3696 found in the Forum at Rome = Dessau Luscr. Lat. set. no. 4964,
with the criticisms of G. Wissowa in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. vi. 265, who prefers
T. Mommsen's reading [Bull. d. Lnst. 1873 p. 51 f.) [magistri] quinq{uennales) \ \collegi~\
teib(icinum) Rom(auorum), qui \ [s(acris) p(ublicis) p(raeslo) s(uut)~\, Jov(i) Epul(oni)
sac(rum) | etc. to that of E. Bormann and H. Dessau qui | . ... Lov(is) epul{o), sac(ris) \
[ p(ublicis) p(raesto) s(unl)]: | etc.).
1 Val. Max. 2. 10. 1 ext.
- Masurius Sabinus ap. Serv. in Verg. Aen. 2. 225 Masurius Sabinus delubrum,
effigies, a delibratione corticis ; nam antiqui felicium arborum ramos cortice detracto in
effigies deorum formabant, unde Graeci %bavov dicunt. Cp. Serv. in Verg. Aen. 4. 56,
Paul, ex Fest. p. 73, 1 Muller, p. 64, 6 f. Lindsay, pseudo-Ascon. in Cic. div. in Caec.
p. ior, 16 f. Baiter (in J. C. Orelli's ed. of Cicero Turici 1833 v. 2. 101). But a closer
parallel may be found in the Corn-maiden (supra i. 397 n. 4 pi. xxviii).
a Supra i. 687.
4 Cato de agr. 132 dapem hoc modo fieri oportet : Iovi Dapali culignam vini quantam
vis polluceto. eo die feriae bubus et bubulcis et qui dapem facient. cum pollucere opor-
tebit, sic facies : ' Iuppiter Dapalis, quod tibi fieri oportet in domo familia mea culignam
vini dapi, ei < us > rei ergo macte hac illace dape pollucenda esto.' manus interluito, postea
vinum sumito : ' Iuppiter Dapalis, macte istace dape pollucenda esto, macte vino inferio
esto.' Vestae, si voles, dato. daps Iovi assaria pecuina (pecuina v.) urna vini. Iovi caste
profanato sua contagione. postea dape facta serito milium, panicum, alium, lentim.
The adjective dapalis, ' sumptuous,' is most frequently found as an epithet of cena
(Thes. Ling. Lat. v. 35, 29 ff.).
5 Gaius inst. 1. 112 farreo in manus (Goschen, followed by P. Krriger—W. Studemund,
Appendix N
lectisternia appear to have developed into half-length busts. Indeed, on one
occasion, when Seleukos was sending back to Athens the statues of Harmodios
and Aristogeiton carried off by Xerxes, the Rhodians invited the venerable
bronzes to a public banquet and installed them bodily on the sacred couches1.
So much for progressive anthropomorphism. The vegetable bundles, which
formed the primitive effigies2, may be taken to imply that the souls of the dead
were conceived as animating the yearly vegetation3. And the same belief may
underlie the rites of Iupiter Dapalis^ and Iupiter Farreus5, in which Mr Warde
surmounted by a half-figure and flanked by two trophies. The front is inscribed L • caldvs |
vii • vt • epv. (= Lucius Caldus septemvir epuld). To left and right is the legend, read
downwards, c-caldvs | imp-a (or Af) ■ x ( = Gains Caldus imperator augur decemvir
sacris faciundis). Below is CAiVS • iii ■ vir (= Caldus triumvir monelalis). See Morell.
Thes. Num. Fam. Rom. i. 100 ff., ii pi. Coelia i, Ia, ib, Babelon Monn. rep. rom. i. 373 ff.
with six figs., G. F. Hill Historical Roman Coins London 1909 p. 76 ff. pi. 10, 44, Brit.
Mus. Cat. Rom. Coins Rep. i. 475 pi. 47, 235., pi. 48, 1. Figs. 973—975 are from
specimens in my collection. The identification of the personage seen above the couch has
long been disputed. He is either the moneyer's father, L. Coelius Caldus, as septemvir
epulo preparing the feast for Iupiter (Rasche Lex. Num. ii. 659 f., T. Mommsen Histoire
de la monnaie romaine Paris 1870 ii. 506, Babelon loc. cit., G. F. Hill op. cit. p. 78), or—
more probably—the effigy of Iupiter himself eating the sacrificial meal (see the remarks
of S. Havercamp in Morell. op. cit. i. 102, Stevenson—Smith—Madden Diet. Rom.
Coins p. 507, H. A. Grueber in Brit. Mus. Cat. Rom. Coins Rep. i. 474 n. 2).
The two epula Lovis, which took place on Sept. 13, the foundation-day of the
Capitoline temple, and on Nov. 13, were in relation to the ludi Romani and ludi plebei
respectively (Wissowa Rel. Kult. Rom.2 pp. 127, 423, 453(1.). Iupiter had a lectulus,
Iuno and Minerva each a sella (Val. Max. 2. 1. 2), while the magistrates and senate took
the meal before them in Capitolio (Liv. 38. 57, 45. 39, Gell. 12. 8. 2 f., Dion Cass. 39.
30, 48. 52). See further E. Aust in Roscher Lex. Myth. ii. 732, 734 f., W. Warde Fowler
The Roman Festivals London 1899 p. 2151?., id. The Religious Experience of the Roman
People London 1911 pp. 172 f., 336, 338, 353. Hence the title of Iupiter Epulo {Corp.
inscr. Lat. vi no. 3696 found in the Forum at Rome = Dessau Luscr. Lat. set. no. 4964,
with the criticisms of G. Wissowa in Pauly—Wissowa Real-Enc. vi. 265, who prefers
T. Mommsen's reading [Bull. d. Lnst. 1873 p. 51 f.) [magistri] quinq{uennales) \ \collegi~\
teib(icinum) Rom(auorum), qui \ [s(acris) p(ublicis) p(raeslo) s(uut)~\, Jov(i) Epul(oni)
sac(rum) | etc. to that of E. Bormann and H. Dessau qui | . ... Lov(is) epul{o), sac(ris) \
[ p(ublicis) p(raesto) s(unl)]: | etc.).
1 Val. Max. 2. 10. 1 ext.
- Masurius Sabinus ap. Serv. in Verg. Aen. 2. 225 Masurius Sabinus delubrum,
effigies, a delibratione corticis ; nam antiqui felicium arborum ramos cortice detracto in
effigies deorum formabant, unde Graeci %bavov dicunt. Cp. Serv. in Verg. Aen. 4. 56,
Paul, ex Fest. p. 73, 1 Muller, p. 64, 6 f. Lindsay, pseudo-Ascon. in Cic. div. in Caec.
p. ior, 16 f. Baiter (in J. C. Orelli's ed. of Cicero Turici 1833 v. 2. 101). But a closer
parallel may be found in the Corn-maiden (supra i. 397 n. 4 pi. xxviii).
a Supra i. 687.
4 Cato de agr. 132 dapem hoc modo fieri oportet : Iovi Dapali culignam vini quantam
vis polluceto. eo die feriae bubus et bubulcis et qui dapem facient. cum pollucere opor-
tebit, sic facies : ' Iuppiter Dapalis, quod tibi fieri oportet in domo familia mea culignam
vini dapi, ei < us > rei ergo macte hac illace dape pollucenda esto.' manus interluito, postea
vinum sumito : ' Iuppiter Dapalis, macte istace dape pollucenda esto, macte vino inferio
esto.' Vestae, si voles, dato. daps Iovi assaria pecuina (pecuina v.) urna vini. Iovi caste
profanato sua contagione. postea dape facta serito milium, panicum, alium, lentim.
The adjective dapalis, ' sumptuous,' is most frequently found as an epithet of cena
(Thes. Ling. Lat. v. 35, 29 ff.).
5 Gaius inst. 1. 112 farreo in manus (Goschen, followed by P. Krriger—W. Studemund,