Evans, Arthur J.: The Palace of Minos: a comparative account of the successive stages of the early Cretan civilization as illustred by the discoveries at Knossos (Band 2,1): Fresh lights on origins and external relations (London, 1928)

xviii CONTENTS

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§ 41. South-East Polychrome Deposit (M. M. II a) at Knossos and
Parallel Find at Harageh: Prototype of Ostrich-egg
'Rhytons'............ 209

Cretan intercourse with Middle Kingdom Egypt illustrated by imported polychrome
pottery; Abydos pot with cylinders of Senusert II and Amenemhat III; Both
Cretan and Helladic sherds found in settlement at Kahun; M. M. II and III sherds
at Aegina; M. M. II a pottery in deposit of Senusert IPs time (c. 18906. c.) at
Harageh ; Contemporary ceramic hoard beneath M. M. Ill houses by S.E. corner of
Palace, Knossos; ' Racquet and ball' motive here seen, also recurs in Harageh
deposit; Valuable chronological datum; Origin of pattern from tangential looped
disks already seen on Early Minoan seal-stones; South-East Polychrome Deposit
also includes bowls of finest egg-shell class; Contemporary with vases of Royal
Pottery Stores ; Diorite monument of User—a personal offering of priestly Egyptian
personage resident in Palace, Knossos; Egyptian apprenticeship of Minoan lapi-
daries ; Xlth-XIIth Ostrich-egg flask from tomb at Abydos ; Prototype of a class of
Minoan ' rhytons '; Prehistoric use of ostrich-egg vessels in North Africa; Examples
of such still in use in Soudan—their magical properties; Minoan ostrich-egg ' rhytons'
and their derivatives—Comparative Table.

§ 42. The Harbour Town of Knossos : Minoan Shipping and Marine

Goddess............229

Harbour Town of Knossos, immediately East of Candia; Probable course of main
road from Knossos to Port; Alternative line; Candia, military foundation ; Minoan
settlement West, by Piatyperama mouth; Tylissos and massif of Ida; Evidences
of subsidence on Coast; Submerged quarries—method of splitting rock ; Submerged
column-bases and sacrificial Vat at Niru Khani; Earlier land line ; Minoan relics
from Harbour Town—rich tombs ; Bronze figurine, unfinished ; The ' Fitzwilliam '
Statuette— a Mother Goddess; Lapidaries' Quarter—trial-piece of intaglio engraving;
The ' Piraeus of Knossos'; Haven at river mouth ; Ships on Minoan Seals ; Early
' Fixed Rudders'; Fish ensign on Early Cycladic vessels—may mark Aegean ele-
ment in Early Nilotic craft; Preference of early navigators for open sea; Single-
masted sailing vessels on Early Minoan seals; Sailing ship on M. M. Ill intaglio
with signs of sail decoration; Ships on L. M. II seal-impressions from Knossos;
Transport of thoroughbred horses from Syrian side; Type of vessel on ring from
Tiryns Treasure—the deck cabin; Ship on Proto-Geometric Vase from Messenian
Pylos— recurrence of Fish ensign ; Rudder on Knossian tablet with Linear Script B ;
Ship signs on Minoan Hieroglyphic tablets and tablets of Linear Class A; Goddess
holding anchor; Marine aspect of Minoan Goddess; Advent of sacred barque on
Mochlos Ring; Primitive raft of Isis Pelagia—her modern representative, Hagia
Pelagia; her cult on site of Harbour Town at Knossos, at Mallia, and elsewhere;
The Madonna as Lady of the Sea.

§ 43. Reactions of Coastal Route East; Syro-Egyptian Vases,

Bull ' Rhytons ', and Cylinders......253

Harbour Town of Knossos, link with Coastal Route East; Discovery of sealings
resembling those of Zakro but of Vasiliki clay; Excavations at Anemomylia; Alabas-
ter (calcite) vase from site, in form of squatting, enceinte female—Syro-Egyptian
type, of Eighteenth Dynasty date; Similar specimen from Byblos; Analogous
Eleventh Dynasty pot; Suggested prototype of E. M. Ill vase from Mochlos ; Type
of Mother Goddess ; Oriental origin of Minoan bull ' rhytons'; Early Sumerian
prototypes from Erech; Inlaid spots, as Minoan; Western extension of early Su-
merian dominion ; Evidences of Oriental influence on Crete about the close of
E. M. Ill and in M. M. la; Cretan finds of Babylonian cylinders—specimen from
littoral of Knossos.