Tools & tillage: a journal on the history of the implements of cultivation and other agricultural processes (2.1972/1975)

120

V. MARINOV

Fig. 1. Variants of the share-type lemez (after Vaka-
relski 1929, fig. 25).
Varianten des Schar-Typs Lemez.


Fig. 3. A dzevgalo with a curved iron blade and
wooden tang (after Vakarelski 1929, fig. 19).
Ein dzevgalo mit gekriimmten eisernem Blatt und
hblzernem Zapfen.



Fig. 4. A palesnik with an 82 cm long tang (after
Detev fig. 46).
Ein pale'snik mit einem 82 cm langen Griff.


Fig. 2. Four variants of the share-type palesnik (after
Vakarelski 1929, fig. 18).
Vier Varianten des Schar-Typs pale'snik.

tween two quite different types of lemez: the
rakavest and the drazcest” (Vakarelski 1936, 425).
Later this erroneous division was taken over by
P. Detev (Detev 262, fig. 44). The palesnik de-
scribed by Detev (fig. 4), with a total length of
82 cm, belongs to the “Roman type of lemez”
(Detev 263, fig. 46) whereas it is really one of
the characteristic palesnik forms, with a specially
long tang.
J. Changova made the same mistake, for he
considered that there are three types of lemez:
1. the simplest type, lemez, also called naralnik,
2. the rakavest lemez with vtulka (socket),

3. the drazcest or vesloviden lemez, with a long
tang. He also considered the rakavest lemez
similar to the naralnik and indeed the example
given is a variant type of lemez (Changova 21,
1, 22, fig. 2, and 3 (1) and (4)).
Articles published in 1959, 1960 and 1969
(Marinov 1959, 108-110, 1960, 569-575; 1969, 11)
not consulted by Changova, however, show that
the so-called “Roman palesnici” (or drazcesti
lemezi, according to Vakarelski and Detev),
found by Bulgarian archaeologists, and in par-
ticular the veslovidni, kopievidni or lacickopodobni
palesnici with a hook or pin, derive from sole-