Ars: časopis Ústavu Dejín Umenia Slovenskej Akadémie Vied (1977-1981(1977))

175

3cTeTHMecKne uchhocth npupoAbi II
($OpMBI npHpO/JM H CjjOpMBI UCKyCCTBa)

B-na/iHMHp Ba ji e hok

UeHHOCTHbift noAXOA k npnpoAe ceroAHH CTa-
Hobhtch 3H3MeHHeM BpeMCHH.
Hoa BjiHHHHeM HayHHO-TexHHqecKoro nporpec-
ea coBpeMeHHbiň nenoßeK Bee óonee naTypann-
3yeTca, BO3pacTarc>T ero noTpeönocTH b ocßoeHHH
Bceii npHpo/ibi, b nosnanHH Bcex ecTecTBennbix
CBH3eň H SaKOHOMepHOCTeÜ. CTpeMHCb H30aBHTb-
ea OT H3Äep>KeK UHBHAH3aii,HH, oh Bee óonbine
noBopaHHBaeTCH jihuom k npupoxe, k ee rapMO-
Hhh h ójiaroTBopHOCTH h niyeT cnacenns b co3-
Aannu TaKoro — KOMMynncTHnecKoro oómecTBa,
KöTopoe óaaupoBajiocb 6bi na rnyóoKOM paßno-
BeCHH BO B3aHM0ÄeilCTBHH C eCTeCTBCHHOH cpe-
Aoň, KOTopoe óbiJio 6bi «ocymecTBJieHHbiM HaTy-
PäJUi3MOM nejioßeKa» h «ocymecTBJieHHbiM ry-
MaHH3M0M npHpOÄbl» ([1], CTp. 590).
OóbiHHO nox ueHHOCTHMM noApaayMeßaioT
oßi^eKTbi, KOTopbie oóJianaiOT cnocoÓHOCTbio óna-
rOTBOpHO BO3AeÜCTBOBaTb Ha JKH3HB HenOBCKa,
ero MupoomymeHHe n MHpoBO33peHne. 3to ■—■
°6'beKTH aJiH nenoBeKa, nenoßennbie oóneKTbi.
^Ipil 3T0M 33M6THM, HTO OHH HpeACTaBJIfllOT CO-
KaK to, hto y>Ke BO3AeöcTByeT na nenoBeKa
11 peajiHsyeT ce6s b hcm (hchhocth—pesynbTa-
Tt,l), TaK H TO, HTO OÓJiaflaeT OÓTjeKTHBHOH B03-
^OJKHOCTbK) TaKOTO BO3fleňCTBHH (ijeHHOCTH
BO3MOXHOCTH) .
^VHAaMeHTajibHoň ochoboh MapKCHCTCKoro no-
BiiMaHHfl iienHOCTeň sBnseTCH yneHHe K. Mapxca
0 CTOHMOCTH, ee MeHOBOH H HOTpeÓHTejIbCKOH
Pa3HOBHflHOCTHX. EcJIH MCHOBafi CTOHMOCTb TO-
BapoB Bceiiejio npcAďaBJíaeT coóoň nponyKT 06-
UíecTBeHHbix oTHomeHHH h cymecTByeT tojibko
b oßujecTBe h A>aa oómecTBa, to ctohmoctb iiot-

peÓHTejibCKan, «noAniipaiomafl» MenoByio,
ciijionib h pnAOM OKasbiBaeTcn «roTOBbíM npo-
ayKTOM npnpoAbi» ([2], CTp. 124) — sto hhc-
Tbiii BO3Ayx h HHCTbie BOAoeMbi, sejieHbie iiyra h
AßBCTBeHHbie jieca, óoraTbiň pacTHTejibHbiň h >kh-
bothbih MHp, rwiOAopoAHbie noHBbi h Aparou,eH-
Hbie MHHepajibi. HejioBeqecKaíi nonesHocTb Taiinx
npoAyKTOB HepeAKO óbiBaeT coBepmeiiHo to>k-
AeCTBeHHOH C HX eCTeCTBeHHblMH CB0HCTB3MH, H
TOJibKO BbíHBJíeHHe h peajiH3an,HH hx ocymecT-
BJineTCH b npoijecce oómecTBeHHo-HCTopnqecKoii
npaKTHKH ([2], CTp. 14; [4], CTp. 45—46, 50).
ripaKTHKa ne ocTaBjíneT HHKaKoro MecTa aah
coMHeHHÍi b tom, HTO npHpoAa, caMa no ceóe
B3HTan, HBJíaeTCH cpeAOTOHHeM HHqeM HeaaMeHH-
Mbix nejioBenecKHx nojiesHocTeň = ryManncTH-
necKHX ueHHOCTeii. LIpHpoAa ryMaHHCTHHHa naic
cpeAa B03HHKH0BeniiH h pa3BHTiiH lenoBenecTBa,
KaK HCTOHHHK BC6BO3MO>KHbIX ÓJiar, K3K CHCT6M3
B3aHMOCBH3eň, AeTepMHHHpyromHX óbiTOBanne
3THX ójiar. Ona rvMaHHCTHiHa h b óonee Henoc-
peACTBeHHOM cMbicjie — KaK npooópaa mhothx
(jiopM, xapaKTepHbix ajih očJiHKa nenošena, Ans
ero noBeAeHHs h AesTenbHOCTH.
KaK H3BecTH0, MaTepnanHCTHiecKas AnaneK-
THKa He npH3HaeT xecTKHx paarpaHHHHTenbHbix
nHHHÍí Me>KAy KanecTBeHHo CBoeoópaanbíMH co-
CTOHHHSMH MaTepHH, He npH3HaeT paCCy>KAeHHH
no THny «unii — nnn, a hto CBepx toto, to — ot
nynaBoro»: HBnenne možkct óbitb nnöo TonbKO
ecTecTBennbíM, nnóo TonbKO coiiHanbHbíM
XlnaneKTHKa npHHHMaer bo BHHMaHHe bck> rny-
ÖHHy reHeTHnecKHx CBsseň Me>KAy cTapbiM h ho-
BbiM KanecTBaMH, Bee MHorooöpasne, oóm,HOCTb