DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.68368#0243
Summary and Concluding Comments
On the basis of the material available the region
of Lower Saxony was reached by the Grossgartach
Culture which was expanding from Southwest
Germany at the latest during the period of Middle
Grossgartach B (Spatz, 1996), possibly already
during the phase of Early resp. Middle Grossgar-
tach A. Subsequently the number of Settlements
increased. Presently there are onlyfewindications
of possible simultaneous influences from the
milieu of the central German (Middle) Stroke-
Ornamented Pottery Culture (Stichbandkera-
mik, Phase 1b Kaufmann, 1976). No evidence
exists in the region under consideration about the
presence of the early Middle-Neolithic Hinkel-
stein Culture.
There is a more distinct evidence in the assem-
blage of middle-neolithicfinds regardingthe phase
of Late Grossgartach. As in other areas, also in
Lower Saxony a close connection can be recog-
nized between Late Grossgartach and the phase
of Planig-Friedberg, among other things because
the pottery of this phase is still showing tradition-
al forms and decorations of Late Grossgartach. As
already pointed out by Spatz (1996; 2000) this sec-
ond „Expansion Phase Planig-Friedberg,, appears
to be traceable to the southwestern area of Ger-
many.
The majority of find sites presented in this study
is to be designated to the milieus of Planig-Fried-
berg and Rössen. The Late Stoke-Ornamented
Pottery Culture (Stichbandkeramik, Phase II
Kaufmann, 1976) was in existence in this region
apparently simultaneously with the Grossgartach
Culture and continued at least until the Planig-
Friedberg period, possibley until the Early Rössen
period - probably in a symbiotic relationship. So
far there is no evidence in the area under consid-
eration of pottery with definite characteristics of
the late Middle-Neolithic Bischheim or Gaters-
leben Culture.
As far as Settlement patterns are concerned, on the
basis of available finds only a limited density of
settlements becomes apparent in the beginning. It
is during the period of the Rössen Culture that an
increase can be noted and less suitable, marginal
areas are being invaded (Oldenrode Basin, See-
burg Basin). The middle-neolithic Settlement sites
are offen (48%) established within the localities
of former Linear Pottery Culture settlements. In
addition to such favourable sites being utilized
continuously or anew, from now on also the water-
bearing lowlands are being occupied. Generally
preferred were however the evenly wavy and fer-
tile loess basins and the lower slope sections on
either side of the rivers Leine and Urne (Einbeck-
Markoldendorfer Becken, Northeimer Keuper-
hügelland and Leinegraben, Moringer Becken,
Göttinger Leinegraben) respectively west of the
Hahleaue (Seeburger and Duderstädter Becken).
Only occasionally extremely low or moist loca-
tions were selected, hilltop settlements were an
exception. The distance between the 79 settle-
ments identified in the region of study is in more
than 60% of the sites less than 1.5 km and rarely
more than 3 km. It was not possible to clarify
whether the early neolithic Settlement sites were
(completely) deserted between occupation of Late
Linear Pottery Culture and (Early?) Grossgartach
or whether there was a continuing utilization. In
this respect future palynologic research would
bring new results. For the time being it also
remains uncertain whether any settlements of the
Stroke-Ornamented Pottery Culture (Stichband-
keramik, Phase la-Ib Kaufmann, 1976) existed
before the arrival od the Grossgartach Culture or
whether there was any influence of the Southwest
German Hinkelstein Culture.
Field observations regarding middle-neolithic
house constructions are available mainly from the
Settlement at Grossenrode-14, Ldkr. Northeim. At
this site it was possible to document above all eight
or nine longhouses, furthermore various house-
related pit features and two or three secondary
structures. The longhouses were slightly bow-
shaped respectively trapezoid and reflected at
least two construction phases representing the
types Grossgartach to Planig-Friedberg according
to Hampel (1989). In addition, it was possible to
examine parts of a longhouse of the Rössen type
at Obernjesa-14, Ldkr. Göttingen. Additional
results are to be expected from the evaluation of
the the recently explored, probably Early Rössen
Settlement at Elliehausen-(III), Ldkr. Göttingen.
Besides, various types of pits were documented at
a number of Settlement sites in the region. They
are to be identified as silo or storage pits, pits for
winning working material and so-called „slit-pits„
(with an unclear function). The cereals analyzed
were mainly emmer and einkorn, less often barley
and seed wheat.
225
On the basis of the material available the region
of Lower Saxony was reached by the Grossgartach
Culture which was expanding from Southwest
Germany at the latest during the period of Middle
Grossgartach B (Spatz, 1996), possibly already
during the phase of Early resp. Middle Grossgar-
tach A. Subsequently the number of Settlements
increased. Presently there are onlyfewindications
of possible simultaneous influences from the
milieu of the central German (Middle) Stroke-
Ornamented Pottery Culture (Stichbandkera-
mik, Phase 1b Kaufmann, 1976). No evidence
exists in the region under consideration about the
presence of the early Middle-Neolithic Hinkel-
stein Culture.
There is a more distinct evidence in the assem-
blage of middle-neolithicfinds regardingthe phase
of Late Grossgartach. As in other areas, also in
Lower Saxony a close connection can be recog-
nized between Late Grossgartach and the phase
of Planig-Friedberg, among other things because
the pottery of this phase is still showing tradition-
al forms and decorations of Late Grossgartach. As
already pointed out by Spatz (1996; 2000) this sec-
ond „Expansion Phase Planig-Friedberg,, appears
to be traceable to the southwestern area of Ger-
many.
The majority of find sites presented in this study
is to be designated to the milieus of Planig-Fried-
berg and Rössen. The Late Stoke-Ornamented
Pottery Culture (Stichbandkeramik, Phase II
Kaufmann, 1976) was in existence in this region
apparently simultaneously with the Grossgartach
Culture and continued at least until the Planig-
Friedberg period, possibley until the Early Rössen
period - probably in a symbiotic relationship. So
far there is no evidence in the area under consid-
eration of pottery with definite characteristics of
the late Middle-Neolithic Bischheim or Gaters-
leben Culture.
As far as Settlement patterns are concerned, on the
basis of available finds only a limited density of
settlements becomes apparent in the beginning. It
is during the period of the Rössen Culture that an
increase can be noted and less suitable, marginal
areas are being invaded (Oldenrode Basin, See-
burg Basin). The middle-neolithic Settlement sites
are offen (48%) established within the localities
of former Linear Pottery Culture settlements. In
addition to such favourable sites being utilized
continuously or anew, from now on also the water-
bearing lowlands are being occupied. Generally
preferred were however the evenly wavy and fer-
tile loess basins and the lower slope sections on
either side of the rivers Leine and Urne (Einbeck-
Markoldendorfer Becken, Northeimer Keuper-
hügelland and Leinegraben, Moringer Becken,
Göttinger Leinegraben) respectively west of the
Hahleaue (Seeburger and Duderstädter Becken).
Only occasionally extremely low or moist loca-
tions were selected, hilltop settlements were an
exception. The distance between the 79 settle-
ments identified in the region of study is in more
than 60% of the sites less than 1.5 km and rarely
more than 3 km. It was not possible to clarify
whether the early neolithic Settlement sites were
(completely) deserted between occupation of Late
Linear Pottery Culture and (Early?) Grossgartach
or whether there was a continuing utilization. In
this respect future palynologic research would
bring new results. For the time being it also
remains uncertain whether any settlements of the
Stroke-Ornamented Pottery Culture (Stichband-
keramik, Phase la-Ib Kaufmann, 1976) existed
before the arrival od the Grossgartach Culture or
whether there was any influence of the Southwest
German Hinkelstein Culture.
Field observations regarding middle-neolithic
house constructions are available mainly from the
Settlement at Grossenrode-14, Ldkr. Northeim. At
this site it was possible to document above all eight
or nine longhouses, furthermore various house-
related pit features and two or three secondary
structures. The longhouses were slightly bow-
shaped respectively trapezoid and reflected at
least two construction phases representing the
types Grossgartach to Planig-Friedberg according
to Hampel (1989). In addition, it was possible to
examine parts of a longhouse of the Rössen type
at Obernjesa-14, Ldkr. Göttingen. Additional
results are to be expected from the evaluation of
the the recently explored, probably Early Rössen
Settlement at Elliehausen-(III), Ldkr. Göttingen.
Besides, various types of pits were documented at
a number of Settlement sites in the region. They
are to be identified as silo or storage pits, pits for
winning working material and so-called „slit-pits„
(with an unclear function). The cereals analyzed
were mainly emmer and einkorn, less often barley
and seed wheat.
225