DOI Kapitel:
Changing Worlds – The Spread of the Neolithic Way of Life in the North
DOI Kapitel:Müller, Johannes: A long lasting transformation: northern Late Mesolithic/Early Neolithic multi-dimensional developments (c. 4,750 – 3,800 BCE)
DOI Seite / Zitierlink:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.66745#0369
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A long lasting transformation: northern Late Mesolithic/Early Neolithic multi-dimensional developments
Fig. 9 The assemblage from Borgstedt I (after Hage 2016, 240-241; 284 pl. 1,7; 285 pl. 2,4; 286 pl. 3,1; 310 pl. 27,7) and contemporary
assemblages (cf. fig. 4;6-7 in this contribution; TRB FN IA3).
contrast to Oxie ceramics, the presence of amphorae
and elaborated flasks is obvious.3
Principally, for Borgstedt 1, Neustadt 3 and
Wangels we observe an Early Neolithic phase, which,
on the one hand, corresponds to Jutland’s Oxie type,
but assumes, on the other hand, a more independent
typological character via arcade rims. The inventory
of Flintbek LA 48 should be included here. In this
respect, an early beginning is to be distinguished
from a later development, which, however, ends on
the entire Cimbrian Peninsula around 3,800 BCE
and leads to a new phase, which is characterised by
the Volling style.
3 Wangels Group after Sonke Hartz (Hartz 2004; Hartz /
Lubke 2004, 133). - Ceramics: wide-mouthed funnel beakers
with punctures below the rim or folded arcade rims, funnel
bowls, lugged beakers, lugged corononay amphorae with dented
handles, thin-walled bowls, bottles, clay discs; antlers/stone
implements: No differences in antler and bone industry to Tim-
mendorf phase, also for stone implements with soft, regular
blades; large implements: trapezoidal disc axes, new: core axes
with specialised cutting edge preparation, small ground rock
axes. Difference to Oxie: amphorae, bottles. The Oxie Group
ceramics consist mainly of undecorated funnel beakers of type
0 and I, lugged beakers with funnels at the top of the belly,
large storage vessels with funnel-shaped rims, spherical bowls,
lugs and lugged rim bottles, clay discs and clay spoons (see e.g.
Klassen 2004, 242). In rare cases, simple incisions, abraded
edges or smooth marginal ridges can occur on the edge or neck.
In conclusion, there are three sub-phases of the ENIa
(Fig- 10):
• Sub-phase ENIal (only in the south): with first
TRB ceramics including funnel beakers of Koch
type 0 and rim decorations;
• Sub-phase ENIa2: with rip-decorated funnel bea-
kers, flasks, etc., as Oxie ceramics in the north and
as Wangels ceramics with arcade edges in the south;
• Sub-phase ENIa3: with late Oxie and Wangels ce-
ramics now also displaying overturned ledges and
sack-shaped bottles with two handles.
Remarks on the style transformation from
Ertebolle to TRB
Earliest appearance of TRB pottery
At the Neustadt site after a phase with pointed-
bottomed beakers (la) and pointed-bottomed bea-
kers and lamps (lb), we observe a phase around
4,100 BCE (Neustadt 2) that still exhibits pointed-
bottomed beakers and lamps, but also includes funnel
rim vessels, funnel bowls and lugged beakers (‘Trich-
terrandgefaEe’, ‘Trichterschalen’, ‘Osenbecher’). They
demarcate the earliest TRB-like pottery on the Baltic
coast, followed by Neustadt 3 (until probably 3,800
BCE) with funnel beakers of Koch type 0 and 1.
A long lasting transformation: northern Late Mesolithic/Early Neolithic multi-dimensional developments
Fig. 9 The assemblage from Borgstedt I (after Hage 2016, 240-241; 284 pl. 1,7; 285 pl. 2,4; 286 pl. 3,1; 310 pl. 27,7) and contemporary
assemblages (cf. fig. 4;6-7 in this contribution; TRB FN IA3).
contrast to Oxie ceramics, the presence of amphorae
and elaborated flasks is obvious.3
Principally, for Borgstedt 1, Neustadt 3 and
Wangels we observe an Early Neolithic phase, which,
on the one hand, corresponds to Jutland’s Oxie type,
but assumes, on the other hand, a more independent
typological character via arcade rims. The inventory
of Flintbek LA 48 should be included here. In this
respect, an early beginning is to be distinguished
from a later development, which, however, ends on
the entire Cimbrian Peninsula around 3,800 BCE
and leads to a new phase, which is characterised by
the Volling style.
3 Wangels Group after Sonke Hartz (Hartz 2004; Hartz /
Lubke 2004, 133). - Ceramics: wide-mouthed funnel beakers
with punctures below the rim or folded arcade rims, funnel
bowls, lugged beakers, lugged corononay amphorae with dented
handles, thin-walled bowls, bottles, clay discs; antlers/stone
implements: No differences in antler and bone industry to Tim-
mendorf phase, also for stone implements with soft, regular
blades; large implements: trapezoidal disc axes, new: core axes
with specialised cutting edge preparation, small ground rock
axes. Difference to Oxie: amphorae, bottles. The Oxie Group
ceramics consist mainly of undecorated funnel beakers of type
0 and I, lugged beakers with funnels at the top of the belly,
large storage vessels with funnel-shaped rims, spherical bowls,
lugs and lugged rim bottles, clay discs and clay spoons (see e.g.
Klassen 2004, 242). In rare cases, simple incisions, abraded
edges or smooth marginal ridges can occur on the edge or neck.
In conclusion, there are three sub-phases of the ENIa
(Fig- 10):
• Sub-phase ENIal (only in the south): with first
TRB ceramics including funnel beakers of Koch
type 0 and rim decorations;
• Sub-phase ENIa2: with rip-decorated funnel bea-
kers, flasks, etc., as Oxie ceramics in the north and
as Wangels ceramics with arcade edges in the south;
• Sub-phase ENIa3: with late Oxie and Wangels ce-
ramics now also displaying overturned ledges and
sack-shaped bottles with two handles.
Remarks on the style transformation from
Ertebolle to TRB
Earliest appearance of TRB pottery
At the Neustadt site after a phase with pointed-
bottomed beakers (la) and pointed-bottomed bea-
kers and lamps (lb), we observe a phase around
4,100 BCE (Neustadt 2) that still exhibits pointed-
bottomed beakers and lamps, but also includes funnel
rim vessels, funnel bowls and lugged beakers (‘Trich-
terrandgefaEe’, ‘Trichterschalen’, ‘Osenbecher’). They
demarcate the earliest TRB-like pottery on the Baltic
coast, followed by Neustadt 3 (until probably 3,800
BCE) with funnel beakers of Koch type 0 and 1.