DOI chapter:
Changing Worlds – The Spread of the Neolithic Way of Life in the North
DOI chapter:Müller, Johannes: A long lasting transformation: northern Late Mesolithic/Early Neolithic multi-dimensional developments (c. 4,750 – 3,800 BCE)
DOI Page / Citation link:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.66745#0370
Johannes Muller
369
BCE
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
South Cimbrean Early TRB lb
South Cimbrean Early TRB la 3
4400
South Cimbrian
4500 Middle Ertebolle
4600
4700
Fig. 10 The chronological model of the ceramic development.
At Stralsund 225, ENIa is represented by a site
with canoes. Pottery there comprises funnel bea-
kers and a funnel neck vessel of Koch 1 or Koch 3
type. The radiometric dating (4,000-3,700 BCE) can
be traced, since a freshwater effect can be excluded
via the stratigraphic position (Kaute et al. 2004,
234-237 fig. 14; Lubke 2004, 259-260).
Spatial differences of typological elements
While so-called arcade rims are not present at either
Neustadt 2 or Neustadt 3, these are observed at Flint-
bek LA 48 and Wangels within the early ceramic
assemblages. They are mostly unornamented with
horizontal rows of simple impressions, mostly from
fingers, and arcade rims beneath the rim. While at
Flintbek clear influences, such as tulip beakers of
Micheslberg II/III, are visible in the assemblage, the
Wangels assemblage seems to indicate a slightly later
appearance with beaker forms that are also known
from many different Oxie sites in other areas of the
Cimbrian Peninsula and the Danish Isles, but with-
out tulip elements. Typical in this respect are Koch
0 and 1 type beakers (usually coarse and variable in
size, but always with a short neck), lugged beakers
of similar type (but with lugs placed on the upper
part of the body), lugged jars and flasks, clay discs
and clay spoons. While clear differences between the
earlier Flintbek LA 48 assemblage and Neustadt 2,
which exhibits a much poorer assemblage and the
presence of pointed-bottomed beakers and lamps,
are obvious, the later Wangels assemblage and the
Lubeck assemblage (Hartz 2015) are comparable
with Danish Oxie assemblages.
In principle, a chronological division between
sites with Koch 0 and Koch 1 types is plausible, if
the evidence from Bornholm is translated into the
western Baltic area (Nielsen 2009, 15 table 1) and
by considering the dating from other Scandinavian
sites.
Conclusion: a mosaic of contemporaneous style
elements
In conclusion, an early sub-phase with Michelsberg
influences on the southwest Cimbrian Peninsula and
with Ertebolle types in the southeast is followed by
an Oxie-Wangels sub-phase that already includes
Koch 1 type beakers and other features in the inland
and similar assemblages still exhibiting lamps and
pointed-bottomed beakers at the coast or bigger in-
land lakes. From a typochronological point of view,
there is no reason for a north-south division of the
whole Cimbrian peninsula with the exception that
369
BCE
3500
3600
3700
3800
3900
4000
4100
4200
4300
South Cimbrean Early TRB lb
South Cimbrean Early TRB la 3
4400
South Cimbrian
4500 Middle Ertebolle
4600
4700
Fig. 10 The chronological model of the ceramic development.
At Stralsund 225, ENIa is represented by a site
with canoes. Pottery there comprises funnel bea-
kers and a funnel neck vessel of Koch 1 or Koch 3
type. The radiometric dating (4,000-3,700 BCE) can
be traced, since a freshwater effect can be excluded
via the stratigraphic position (Kaute et al. 2004,
234-237 fig. 14; Lubke 2004, 259-260).
Spatial differences of typological elements
While so-called arcade rims are not present at either
Neustadt 2 or Neustadt 3, these are observed at Flint-
bek LA 48 and Wangels within the early ceramic
assemblages. They are mostly unornamented with
horizontal rows of simple impressions, mostly from
fingers, and arcade rims beneath the rim. While at
Flintbek clear influences, such as tulip beakers of
Micheslberg II/III, are visible in the assemblage, the
Wangels assemblage seems to indicate a slightly later
appearance with beaker forms that are also known
from many different Oxie sites in other areas of the
Cimbrian Peninsula and the Danish Isles, but with-
out tulip elements. Typical in this respect are Koch
0 and 1 type beakers (usually coarse and variable in
size, but always with a short neck), lugged beakers
of similar type (but with lugs placed on the upper
part of the body), lugged jars and flasks, clay discs
and clay spoons. While clear differences between the
earlier Flintbek LA 48 assemblage and Neustadt 2,
which exhibits a much poorer assemblage and the
presence of pointed-bottomed beakers and lamps,
are obvious, the later Wangels assemblage and the
Lubeck assemblage (Hartz 2015) are comparable
with Danish Oxie assemblages.
In principle, a chronological division between
sites with Koch 0 and Koch 1 types is plausible, if
the evidence from Bornholm is translated into the
western Baltic area (Nielsen 2009, 15 table 1) and
by considering the dating from other Scandinavian
sites.
Conclusion: a mosaic of contemporaneous style
elements
In conclusion, an early sub-phase with Michelsberg
influences on the southwest Cimbrian Peninsula and
with Ertebolle types in the southeast is followed by
an Oxie-Wangels sub-phase that already includes
Koch 1 type beakers and other features in the inland
and similar assemblages still exhibiting lamps and
pointed-bottomed beakers at the coast or bigger in-
land lakes. From a typochronological point of view,
there is no reason for a north-south division of the
whole Cimbrian peninsula with the exception that