DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.1034#0064
bH,
WEIGHTS.
59
the substructure of square blocks has been removed,
and hence their present level is below the original
place, and the pavement surface was probably about
250. A pavement near the pylon, where the earth
probably rose less than elsewhere, is at 218 (top face),
and is probably of the same age. The bases on the
eastern side of the temenos are at a lower level, being
only 147 (large base) and 168 (smaller stone); but
yet it seems very probable, as they are evidently
moved, that they were at a higher level, and it would
be difficult to dissociate them from the similar bases
on the W. side.
During the Roman times the early wall of the pro-
temenos (founded at 172 and even now rising to
281) became partly ruined and partly buried, and a
fresh wall was founded on its line. This new wall
is based at 310, and rises to 415 still, although much
ruined : it is nearly below the surface of the rubbish
which overlies that part. The access to the temple
was therefore still regarded, and the pro-temenos
was not blocked by building until red-brick houses
were placed there, probably in the Illrd or IVth
cent. A.D. Soon after that, the rubbish mounds were
piled up, and in the Vth and Vlth cent, overflowed
and filled up the entrance to the then deserted
temple.
This seems to be as much as can be now ascer-
tained of the history of this place, after it has been
so thoroughly plundered of its stone, and is now
under cultivation. No doubt the old foundations,
and pieces of statues, like that of the Hyksos chief
now at Bulak, lie beneath the fields of corn and
cotton ; but when the Government has once allowed
a site to be cropped there is an end of archaeology
unless a serious rent is paid for excavation. The
enormous depth of the rubbish of later times deters
all attempts at clearing the place; my pits in the
lowest part of the mounds went down 21 feet to the
primitive soil, and in the temenos the depth is about
13 feet. So long as other sites are less encumbered
and uncultivated, Arsinoe will not be a promising
field for early research.
CHAPTER X.
WEIGHTS.
75. Although no weights were found during the
work in the Fayum, yet I obtained some hundreds
this year, through the Arab dealers about Cairo, who
collect them for me. These are from Naukratis, Sais,
Defenneh, Memphis, and a lot of unspecified : these
last, on examination of their varieties of weight, are
clearly from Memphis also, and have therefore been
incorporated in the Memphis list here ; if a few may
be from elsewhere it is only what might occur by
transit in ancient times. A friend also brought me
some from Kus ; these give some idea of the units in
Upper Egypt, but a systematic collection from there
is much needed, especially of dated weights from
scientific excavations. The arrangement of the fol-
lowing lists is the same as in the Memphite lists
published last year in "A Season in Egypt, 1887,"
and the numbering is consecutive from that list. The
form-numbers refer to the plates in " Naukratis,"
"Defenneh," and "A Season;" as any student must
refer to those works, there is less need to repeat the
plates here.
MEMPHIS.
Egyptian Κατ Standard.
No.
Material.
Form.
Present.
Ch.
Ancient.
X
Unit.
4501
Basalt, bk.
33-37
274-9
276
2
Ι38Ό
2
Basalt, br.
33-K5S
I382-9
—
1384
10
I38-4
3
Syenite, bk.
40
277-1
2
138-5
4
Basalt, br.
165
I3S7O
10
1387
5
Basalt, br.
33-165
2774'5
—
2778
20
138-9
6
Syenite, gy.
11-38
2778-4
—
2779
20
I38-9
7
Basalt, br.
38-43
6957
5
139-1
8
Basalt, bk.
33-36
278-4
2
139-2
9
Basalt, br.
165
278-6
2
I39-3
4510
Basalt, br.
33
139'3
1
I39'3
1
Basalt, bk.
25
278-9
2
139'4
2
Basalt, bk.
38-43
13947
10
139-5
3
Basalt, br.
33-165
2780-5
—
2790
20
I39'5
4
Marble, w.
14-23
?
I395'9
10
139-6
5
Syenite, bk.
36
698-4
5
1397
6
Bronze
33
141-0
2-1
139-8
1
131-8
7
Basalt, br.
33
279-6
2
139-8
8
Basalt, br.
65
2792-4
—
2796
20
139-8
9
Basalt, br.
26-33
1398-8
10
I39-9
4520
Bronze
36
672-4
30?
700
5
140
Limestone, br. w.
35-165
700 Ό
5
140 Ό
2
Basalt, br.
38
7oo-6
5
140-1
3
Basalt, bk.
27
28ΐΌ
2
140-5
4
Basalt, br.
165
2797-3
—
28lO
20
140-5
5
Bronze leaded
32-101
6978
60
7040
5°
140-8
6
Basalt, br.
12-165
563'2
4
140-8
7
Bronze
33-36
699-6
4
704
5
140-8
8
Basalt, gy.
38-40
2821-3
20
141-1
9
Basalt, br.
23
706-8
5
141 '3
453°
Basalt, br.
33
352'4
—
353 5
2έ
141-4
r
Basalt, br.
12-26
707-6
5
141-5
2
Granite, gy.
38
2829-4
20
141-5
3
Basalt, br.
165
707-7
5
141-6
4
Basalt, br.
19-33
1417-8
10
141-8
5
Bronze
36
282-9
3
283-8
2
141-9
6
Basalt, br.
38
709-5
5
141-9
7
Bronze
ΙΟΙ
7I7-3
6
711
5
142-2
8
Syenite, gy.
12-20
2846-8
20
142-3
9
Basalt, bk.
33
284-9
2
142-4
4540
Basalt, br.
26-33
70-9
—
7ΐ•3
1
2
142-6
1
Sandstone, It. br.
33-37
2856-4
2861
20
143 •°
2
Haematite, bk.
49
I43'2
1
143-2
3
Basalt, bk.
19-20
143'3
I
I43'3
4
Syenite, gy.
2
I433'1
10
■43'3
5
Basalt, gy.
20-45
71-9
i
143-8
6
Basalt, bk.
27
719-4
5"
'43'9
7
Basalt, br.
40-44
I439-5
10
143'9
8
Basalt, bk.
26-33
144-1
I
I44-I
9
Basalt, bk.
36-37
288-3
2
I44-I
WEIGHTS.
59
the substructure of square blocks has been removed,
and hence their present level is below the original
place, and the pavement surface was probably about
250. A pavement near the pylon, where the earth
probably rose less than elsewhere, is at 218 (top face),
and is probably of the same age. The bases on the
eastern side of the temenos are at a lower level, being
only 147 (large base) and 168 (smaller stone); but
yet it seems very probable, as they are evidently
moved, that they were at a higher level, and it would
be difficult to dissociate them from the similar bases
on the W. side.
During the Roman times the early wall of the pro-
temenos (founded at 172 and even now rising to
281) became partly ruined and partly buried, and a
fresh wall was founded on its line. This new wall
is based at 310, and rises to 415 still, although much
ruined : it is nearly below the surface of the rubbish
which overlies that part. The access to the temple
was therefore still regarded, and the pro-temenos
was not blocked by building until red-brick houses
were placed there, probably in the Illrd or IVth
cent. A.D. Soon after that, the rubbish mounds were
piled up, and in the Vth and Vlth cent, overflowed
and filled up the entrance to the then deserted
temple.
This seems to be as much as can be now ascer-
tained of the history of this place, after it has been
so thoroughly plundered of its stone, and is now
under cultivation. No doubt the old foundations,
and pieces of statues, like that of the Hyksos chief
now at Bulak, lie beneath the fields of corn and
cotton ; but when the Government has once allowed
a site to be cropped there is an end of archaeology
unless a serious rent is paid for excavation. The
enormous depth of the rubbish of later times deters
all attempts at clearing the place; my pits in the
lowest part of the mounds went down 21 feet to the
primitive soil, and in the temenos the depth is about
13 feet. So long as other sites are less encumbered
and uncultivated, Arsinoe will not be a promising
field for early research.
CHAPTER X.
WEIGHTS.
75. Although no weights were found during the
work in the Fayum, yet I obtained some hundreds
this year, through the Arab dealers about Cairo, who
collect them for me. These are from Naukratis, Sais,
Defenneh, Memphis, and a lot of unspecified : these
last, on examination of their varieties of weight, are
clearly from Memphis also, and have therefore been
incorporated in the Memphis list here ; if a few may
be from elsewhere it is only what might occur by
transit in ancient times. A friend also brought me
some from Kus ; these give some idea of the units in
Upper Egypt, but a systematic collection from there
is much needed, especially of dated weights from
scientific excavations. The arrangement of the fol-
lowing lists is the same as in the Memphite lists
published last year in "A Season in Egypt, 1887,"
and the numbering is consecutive from that list. The
form-numbers refer to the plates in " Naukratis,"
"Defenneh," and "A Season;" as any student must
refer to those works, there is less need to repeat the
plates here.
MEMPHIS.
Egyptian Κατ Standard.
No.
Material.
Form.
Present.
Ch.
Ancient.
X
Unit.
4501
Basalt, bk.
33-37
274-9
276
2
Ι38Ό
2
Basalt, br.
33-K5S
I382-9
—
1384
10
I38-4
3
Syenite, bk.
40
277-1
2
138-5
4
Basalt, br.
165
I3S7O
10
1387
5
Basalt, br.
33-165
2774'5
—
2778
20
138-9
6
Syenite, gy.
11-38
2778-4
—
2779
20
I38-9
7
Basalt, br.
38-43
6957
5
139-1
8
Basalt, bk.
33-36
278-4
2
139-2
9
Basalt, br.
165
278-6
2
I39-3
4510
Basalt, br.
33
139'3
1
I39'3
1
Basalt, bk.
25
278-9
2
139'4
2
Basalt, bk.
38-43
13947
10
139-5
3
Basalt, br.
33-165
2780-5
—
2790
20
I39'5
4
Marble, w.
14-23
?
I395'9
10
139-6
5
Syenite, bk.
36
698-4
5
1397
6
Bronze
33
141-0
2-1
139-8
1
131-8
7
Basalt, br.
33
279-6
2
139-8
8
Basalt, br.
65
2792-4
—
2796
20
139-8
9
Basalt, br.
26-33
1398-8
10
I39-9
4520
Bronze
36
672-4
30?
700
5
140
Limestone, br. w.
35-165
700 Ό
5
140 Ό
2
Basalt, br.
38
7oo-6
5
140-1
3
Basalt, bk.
27
28ΐΌ
2
140-5
4
Basalt, br.
165
2797-3
—
28lO
20
140-5
5
Bronze leaded
32-101
6978
60
7040
5°
140-8
6
Basalt, br.
12-165
563'2
4
140-8
7
Bronze
33-36
699-6
4
704
5
140-8
8
Basalt, gy.
38-40
2821-3
20
141-1
9
Basalt, br.
23
706-8
5
141 '3
453°
Basalt, br.
33
352'4
—
353 5
2έ
141-4
r
Basalt, br.
12-26
707-6
5
141-5
2
Granite, gy.
38
2829-4
20
141-5
3
Basalt, br.
165
707-7
5
141-6
4
Basalt, br.
19-33
1417-8
10
141-8
5
Bronze
36
282-9
3
283-8
2
141-9
6
Basalt, br.
38
709-5
5
141-9
7
Bronze
ΙΟΙ
7I7-3
6
711
5
142-2
8
Syenite, gy.
12-20
2846-8
20
142-3
9
Basalt, bk.
33
284-9
2
142-4
4540
Basalt, br.
26-33
70-9
—
7ΐ•3
1
2
142-6
1
Sandstone, It. br.
33-37
2856-4
2861
20
143 •°
2
Haematite, bk.
49
I43'2
1
143-2
3
Basalt, bk.
19-20
143'3
I
I43'3
4
Syenite, gy.
2
I433'1
10
■43'3
5
Basalt, gy.
20-45
71-9
i
143-8
6
Basalt, bk.
27
719-4
5"
'43'9
7
Basalt, br.
40-44
I439-5
10
143'9
8
Basalt, bk.
26-33
144-1
I
I44-I
9
Basalt, bk.
36-37
288-3
2
I44-I