DOI Artikel:
Ziółkowski, Adam: Hercules Victor L. Mummiusa i okrągła świątynia nad Tybrem: próba identyfikacji
DOI Seite / Zitierlink:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.37088#0083
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ADAM ZIÓŁKOWSKI
Ille triumphata Capitolia ad alta Corintho
victor aget currum, caesis insignis Achivis.
Spośród wszystkich wodzów rzymskich jedyny Mummius obdarzony
został przez poetę przydomkiem Victor. Fakt ten ma nieporównanie
większe znaczenie, niż ignoracja komentatora z okresu Późnego Cesar-
stwa. Skojarzenie przez Vergiliusa osoby Mummiusa z epitetem Victor
dowodzi, że świątynia wzniesiona przez zdobywcę Koryntu głębiej za-
padła w świadomość Rzymian okresu Rzeczypospolitej, niż na to wska-
zują zachowane źródła, nie mogła być więc byłe jaką budowlą. Wydaje
się więc, że również Etieżda wskazuje, przynajmniej pośrednio, iż okrą-
gła świątynia nad Tybrem była przybytkiem poświęconym Herkuleso-
wi Victorowi przez L. Mummiusa.
HERCULES WCTOR L. MUMMIUS'S
AND THE ROUND TEMPLE
ON THE TIBER
AN ATTEMPT AT IDENTIFICATION
Summary
The only Information about the tempie of Hercules Victor, built ca. 142 by L. Mum-
mius Achaicus cos. 146 from the Achaean war-booty, is an inscription found on the La-
teran: this has led to the mistaken assumption that the tempie stood somewhere on the
Caelius. Other sources, literary (Servius, Macrobius) and epigraphic (Fasti Antiates Ma-
iores and Allifani), mention two Roman temples of Hercules Victor, one in Foro Boario,
the other ad Portam Trigeminam. The former should be identified with the so-called „ae-
des Aemiliana", the latter is the still standig round tempie on the Tiber, built according
to archaeological criteria some time in the second half of the second century B. C. This
tempie has been identified by F. Coarelli as the tempie built by the merchant M. Octavius
Herrenus, as mentioned by Servius and Macrobius. This identification is untenable, es-
pecially as no shrine vowed, built and dedicated by a merchant could become a public
tempie, to which category Hercules Victor ad Portam Trigeminam clearly belonged, as
witnessed by the inclusion of its feast-day in the Roman calendar. The round tempie sho-
uld rather be identified with the tempie dedicated by Mummius. It is built of marble, as
were two other temples built in the same period, in the same style and by the same archi-
tect (Hermodoros): Iuppiter Stator and Mars in Circo Flaminio, dedicated respectively
by Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus cos. 143 and D. Iunius Brutus Callaicus cos. 138.
The usage of adopting conqueror's cognomen had been re-introduced in that period by
P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus cos. 147, 134: his three rivals for military renown followed
his example (Achaicus, Macedonicus, Callaicus), two of them are known to have further
commemorated their victories by building marble temples; the founder of the third sho-
uld be sought in the third man, Mummius, Scipio's greatest rival and enemy. Another
argument is Mummius' rivalry during the Achaean War with Metellus, the founder of
the first Roman marble tempie: Mummius had to counter the challenge of lower-ranking
generał who nearly stole the victory from him by also building a marble tempie.
ADAM ZIÓŁKOWSKI
Ille triumphata Capitolia ad alta Corintho
victor aget currum, caesis insignis Achivis.
Spośród wszystkich wodzów rzymskich jedyny Mummius obdarzony
został przez poetę przydomkiem Victor. Fakt ten ma nieporównanie
większe znaczenie, niż ignoracja komentatora z okresu Późnego Cesar-
stwa. Skojarzenie przez Vergiliusa osoby Mummiusa z epitetem Victor
dowodzi, że świątynia wzniesiona przez zdobywcę Koryntu głębiej za-
padła w świadomość Rzymian okresu Rzeczypospolitej, niż na to wska-
zują zachowane źródła, nie mogła być więc byłe jaką budowlą. Wydaje
się więc, że również Etieżda wskazuje, przynajmniej pośrednio, iż okrą-
gła świątynia nad Tybrem była przybytkiem poświęconym Herkuleso-
wi Victorowi przez L. Mummiusa.
HERCULES WCTOR L. MUMMIUS'S
AND THE ROUND TEMPLE
ON THE TIBER
AN ATTEMPT AT IDENTIFICATION
Summary
The only Information about the tempie of Hercules Victor, built ca. 142 by L. Mum-
mius Achaicus cos. 146 from the Achaean war-booty, is an inscription found on the La-
teran: this has led to the mistaken assumption that the tempie stood somewhere on the
Caelius. Other sources, literary (Servius, Macrobius) and epigraphic (Fasti Antiates Ma-
iores and Allifani), mention two Roman temples of Hercules Victor, one in Foro Boario,
the other ad Portam Trigeminam. The former should be identified with the so-called „ae-
des Aemiliana", the latter is the still standig round tempie on the Tiber, built according
to archaeological criteria some time in the second half of the second century B. C. This
tempie has been identified by F. Coarelli as the tempie built by the merchant M. Octavius
Herrenus, as mentioned by Servius and Macrobius. This identification is untenable, es-
pecially as no shrine vowed, built and dedicated by a merchant could become a public
tempie, to which category Hercules Victor ad Portam Trigeminam clearly belonged, as
witnessed by the inclusion of its feast-day in the Roman calendar. The round tempie sho-
uld rather be identified with the tempie dedicated by Mummius. It is built of marble, as
were two other temples built in the same period, in the same style and by the same archi-
tect (Hermodoros): Iuppiter Stator and Mars in Circo Flaminio, dedicated respectively
by Q. Caecilius Metellus Macedonicus cos. 143 and D. Iunius Brutus Callaicus cos. 138.
The usage of adopting conqueror's cognomen had been re-introduced in that period by
P. Cornelius Scipio Africanus cos. 147, 134: his three rivals for military renown followed
his example (Achaicus, Macedonicus, Callaicus), two of them are known to have further
commemorated their victories by building marble temples; the founder of the third sho-
uld be sought in the third man, Mummius, Scipio's greatest rival and enemy. Another
argument is Mummius' rivalry during the Achaean War with Metellus, the founder of
the first Roman marble tempie: Mummius had to counter the challenge of lower-ranking
generał who nearly stole the victory from him by also building a marble tempie.