Ars: časopis Ústavu Dejín Umenia Slovenskej Akadémie Vied (1988)

54

IlKOHOrpacJniH öpaTncjiaBCKOÜ njiacTUKn 17-ro m 18-ro ctojictmh

PaSora nocBíiineHa nsyneHMio MKOHorpa<t>MM SpaTM-
cjiaBCKOM njiacTMKM nepno^a 17-ro m 18-ro CTOJierMM.
B 3tot nepnofl EpaiHCjiasa aBjíajiacb oahmm m3 ochob-
hbix peHTpoB CKyjiMTypnoro TBopnecTBa b ctmjic SapoKO
b cpeflHen Espone. B ropové paSoTajiM flBa KpynneMiuMx
CKyjibnTopa jjaHHOM oSnacrn (r. P. ßorniep, <ř. K. Mec-
cepiiiMMflij. 3flecb Sbíjím coanaHbí TaioKC mhotmc npow3Be-
HeHMa, OTHOcaipMeca k ocHOBHOMy cjjOHfly cKyJibiiTypHoro
TBOpnecTBa CTMjia SapOKKO b Eßpone. MKOHOrpacjiMHecKMM
nepeiCHb OTfleJibHbix lutacTMic aBJíaerca Sojiee ckpomhbim
no cpaBHCHMio c cocchhmmm ijeHTpaMM (MioHxeH, npara,
Bena), nocKOJibKy on oxBaTBiBaeT jimuib naCTb nepsona-
najibHorO' SoraTCTBa. OSennenne npoM3onuio non bjimb-
HM6M Ijejioro pana cjiaKTOpOB: MMMTMpOBaHMC CTMJI5I 6a-
poKKO, peroTM3aijM5i, cnopnoe npoMcxoiKneHMe, orcyrcT-
Byiomne aTpMSyTBi, a He b nocjiennioio onepenB 'raioKC
TO OSCTOXTeJIbCTBO, HTO HM JJOHHep, HM MeCCepHIMMflT H6
HBJIMJIMCb MKOHOrpactjMHeCKMMM HOBaTOpaMM, a HaoSopOT,
CBOMM TBOpHCCTBO'M M CBOMM BJlMíIHMCM OHM ynaCTBOBajIM
B OrpaHMMCHMM MKOHOTpacjlMM B CTMJie SapOKKO, MCCJie-
flOBanMe MKOHOrpa<i>MM SpaTMCJiaBCKOM njiacTMKM nepMo^a
17-ro m 18-rO' ctojibthm paaÖMTO Ha nesaTB paaneJiOB :
1. PIOBcenHOBHaa TeiviaTMKa: 1. IdCTopnuecKMe jimhhoctm,
2. ÄHTMHHBie T6MBI, 3. AjUICrOpMM, II. CaKpajIBHa« TCMa-
TMKa : 4. Cb. TpOMIia, 5. XpMCTOC, 6. Ahtcjibi, 7. ßCBa Ma-
pna, 8. CBHTBie, 9. ílpyrMe.
1. PICTOpMHeCKMe JIMHHOCTM. PIOpTpCT B SpaTMCJiaBCKOM
CKyjibnTypnoM TBOpnecTBe b tc-ichmc flByx yicaaaHHbix cto-
JICTMM SbIJI Hepa3pBIBH0 CB33aH C HaurpOÖHOM nJiaCTMKOM.
Oh npMoSpeji caMOCToarejiBHOCTB jimhib nocjie 1750 rofla
b TBopnecTBe <t>. K. MeccepiHMM/jTa, A. Mapinajuia m K. r.
MepBMJiJia. B to Bpeivia KaK b 17-om boko m b nepBOM
nojiOBMHe 19-ro aera Sbíjím nopTpernpoBaHBí raaBHBíM
oSpasoM npencTaBMTeJiM ABopaHCTBa, pepKBM m rocynap-
CTBa, c nojioBMHBí 18-ro CTOjieTMa noBBJíaioTca Taioice
nopTpeTbi npencTaBMTeJieň Tperbero cocaoBMa (yneHbie,
Memane) m aBTonopTpeTbi.
2. Ahtmhhbio tčmbi. 3Ta oSaacTB npencTaBJíeHa Sojiee
CKpOMHO. npMHMH H6CKOJIBKO : OTCyTCTBMC TpaflMIJMM, CO-
tinaJiBHoro TBuia n 3aKa3HMKOB. HecMOTpa Ha sto, 3«ecB
B03HMKJIM TpM 3HaHMTejIBHbie rpyniIBI npOM3Befl6HMň C aH-
TMHHOM TCMaTMKOM. IlepBaa (OKOJIO CepeflMHBI 17-ro BCKa)
Sbuia cocTaBHOM nacTbio ocjiopMJieHMa nemero apxnenMc-
KoncKoro UBoppa, BTopaa Sbuia coanaira b MacTepcKOM
r. P. flOHHepa, a tpctbh (cepenMHa 18-ro BCKa) Sbijia co-
CTaBHOM HaCTblO OCjlOpMJieHMa UBOPHOB M oStlieCTBeHHBIX
3jiaHMM ropová.
3. Ajuieropnn. Mnp ajuieropMii mojkho OToiKflecTBMTb
c ajiJieropMaMii comm ochobhbix floSponeTejieň, nocKOJiB-
Ky ocTaJiBHBie, nanpMMep MojmajiMBOCTB, 3aKOHonaT6JiB-
ctbo1, McTopna, aBJíaioTca chmhmhhbimm,
4. Tponija. MsoSpaJKenne CBaTOM TpoMijBi mmcct b 6pa-

TMCJiaBCKOM CKyjiBirrypHOM TBopnecBe, KpoMe oSbihhbix
cmmbojiob (nanpMMep TpeyrojiBHMK c Sojkbhm rjtaaoM) Tpn
ocHOBHBie cjiop.vtBi : npeiKfle Bcero npofloroKaiomaaca cpefl-
HeBCKOBaa Tpa^nijMa M3oSpa>KCHiist TpoMiibi b KanecTBe
TaK HasBiBaeMoro npecTOJia MmiocepuMa, 3areM Tponqa Ha
3CMH0M inape, a TpeTMM tmh csaTan c ajrrapeM PacnaTBa;
Ha aiiTape MSopSanceH pacnaTBiií XpttCToe, b Ha^CTasKe —
Bor-OTeij m 4yx csaToň b BM^e rojiySa.
5. XpMCTOC. cpiirype XpncTOca b CKyjiBnrypHOM TBOp-
necTBe OTBe^eHo ocoSoe nojiOJKCHMe, nocKOJiBKy ona co-
xpanMjia cbok) npeeMCTBeHHOCTB c no3AHeroTMHeCKoro ne-
pMO.ua nepe3 peneccaHC bhjiotb «o SappoKO (b otjimhmc,
nanpMMep, ot cbhtbix mjim .ZJcbbi Mapnn). Mctophm m3 ero
flCTCTBa M yHMTejIBCKOM ÆeaTeJIBHOCTM XBJíaiOTCa b SpaTM-
CJiaBCKOM CKyJIBHTypHOM TBOpneCBC CpaBHMTejIBHO pe«KM-
mm, rjiaBHyio Teiviy npencTaBJíajin CTpacTHbie ciichbi, npe»c-
p,e Bcero pacnaTMe.
6. Anrejibi. M3 nepapxMM xopoB anrejiOB b Epamcaase
noaBMJiMCB jimhib flBe hmsihmc rpynnbi: apxaHrejibi (Mm-
xaMJi, raSpnea, Pacjjanji), m oSBiKHOBeHHBie SeabíManHbie
anrejihi.
7. ,I{eBa Mapna. JjeBa Mapna Sbuia nOKpoBMTejiBHMijeM
BcHrpnM (IlaTpoHa XynrapMae) m non ee nOKpoBMTCJiB-
CTB0M npoxoÆMjia b Bchtpmm SopBSa npoTMB pe<t>opivia-
iimm. Mbi BCTpenaeMca c hcm b ochobhbix Twnax (Maçonna,
IdMMaKyjiaTa) npeJKfte bccto b HMinax UBoppoB, ijepKBeM,
a TaioKe c BepniMHHOM rpynnon MapnaHCKMx kojiohh. Cpe-
HBI M3 1KM3HM aBJíaiOTCa peflKMMM, TaKJKC KaK M M30Spa-
jkchmc IlBeTBi. OjiHaico b EpaTitcJiaBc Sbíjím co3flaHM abc
3HaHMTeJIBHBie ribCTBI, KOTOpblC CTaJIM HpMMCpOM fljia HO-
UpajKauMa: «nynoneücTBeHHaa» riBera HleňSeaa b SparM-
cjiaBCKOM Kac|ienpajiBHOMM coSope, m Tibera flonnepa b
nacoBHe cb. Xna no^aTejia mmjioctbihm.
8. CsaTbie. PecjiopMaiíMa OTBeprJia M3o6pa>KeHMe cbh-
tbix, nooTOMy jiaHHa.ii rpynna npoHMKaeT b ncKyccTBO ro-
pová. b 17 sexe jiMiiib nocTeneHHO c npnxojioM aHTnpe-
cjiopMaiiMM. Cnanajia sto Sbíjím cpeflHeseKOBBie CBaTbie,
KOTOpbie MMCJIM B SpaTMCJiaBC CBOe npaBO HOCTOaHHOM
nponMCKM eine no peiJiopManMM. no« HaTMCKOM aHTMpe-
cfiopMaiíMM, a -raioKe c npMxonoM OTjiejibHBix MOHamecKMx
opneHOB KanyijMHBí, nesyMTBi, ypinyjiMHKM) ocHOBHyio pojib
noJiyHMJi KyjibT hobbix SapoHHbix cBaTBix m oSnacTHbix
noKpoBMTeJieM. HecMOTpa Ha ycMjina nasMann n Ecrep-
xa3M, mm ne y/iajiocb noSwTBca npi-timra y3o6pa>KeHMa cb.
MapTMHa m cb. Hna nonarejia mmjioctbihm.
9. JlpyrMe. B nocjieflHioio rpynny aBTop bkjiiohmji enM-
OTJ<eJIBHBIM CJiaBaM COOTBeTCTByiOT MKOHOrpacjjMHeCKMe
HMHHbie MCTOpMM M (jlMrypBI SpaTMCJiaBCKOM MKOHOrpactlMM.
OTJjeJIBHBIM rJiaBaM COOTBeTCTByiOT MKOHOrpac|)MHeCKMe
cnMCKM njiacTMKM, npMBeneHHBie b KanecTBe npnaoaieHMa
B 3aKJHOMMTeJIBHOM HaCTM paSOTBI.