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June 9, i860.]

PUNCH, OR THE LONDON CHARIVARI.

23-



thank us for putting into print. The minstrel is describing the armour
of his hero, with that minuteness which distinguishes our early lyric
poets, and in speaking of the headpiece he much interests us by saying
that—

“ $re Snore a stele cappc on Ijps hehbc,

OTitfj flattnch toppe Snas itt gmehiJr,

Snh netfje fjps cljtnne Tinas fastennehtit
SSEttij a fjeep he Booheit hoo.” *

4*

1, 2, 3. HELMETS. TEMP. RICHARD THE FIRST AND JOHIT.

4, 5, 0. THE SAME IN THEIR PRIMITIVE SHAPE.

FROM MR. PUNCH’S ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM.

To protect the face, the helmet was furnished with a grating, secured
on one side with a hinge and on the other with a pin, so that it could
he opened when the wearer blew his nose, or wanted anything to drink.
Little slits were cut in it for eyes and nose and mouth, and as the
helmet was cylindrical, and fitted closely round the back part of the
head, it bore somewhat of resemblance to the nightshade of antiquity,
which was used when we were children, before the lights of Child.
There was a difference, however, between the nightshade and the
article which we may call the Knight-shade, for the slits in the latter
were horizontal apertures, and not like the round holes which let the
light out of our nightshade, and cast such well-remembered reflections
on the walls. The frontal door or grating was called the ventail or
aventaille, as the earlier kind of cheek covers, we have said, were called
before it. In King Bichard’s second seal the ventail is seen as
plainly as the nose upon his face, indeed a good deal more so, for the
nose is scarcely visible; but his first seal represents him as wearing
the coned helmet, which was used before the ventail had been intro-
duced. Somewhere in his writings, we forget precisely where, the
learned William de Malmesbury calls this face-cover a “breathynge
trappe;” and hence the not a whit less learned William Cox de
Finsbury has asserted that it was from the old Norman word “ventail”
that the English “ ventil-ator ” was originally derived.

_ The flat top of the helmet sometimes was left plain, and was at other
times adorned with the crest of the wearer. The Knight oe the
Leopard in the Talisman is described as being a follower of the former
knightly fashion, and an instance of the latter may be seen in the
costume of the doughty Earl op Salisbury, whose portrait, showing
a griffin couchatit on his helmet, beautifies the pages of Pinnock’s
Goldsmith's History, a work which we at school had not less at our
fingers’ ends than at our ear-tips, whereto it was applied to knock
some knowledge of it into us. In King Richard’s second seal his
helmet is surmounted by a curious fanlike crest, in front of which
appears the figure of a lion. This ornament is somewhat rudely repre-
sented, for engravers then were not so skilled as they are now, and the
meaning of their seals is often a sealed book to us. But undignified
although the confession may appear, we must own our first impression
from King Richard’s second seal is that the King has seen a ghost,
or some other startling sight, and that the Royal hair is standing up on
end, and having pierced clean through his helmet, is spreading Tike the
quills upon the fretful porcupine, if a great King like Cceur de Lion
may be in any way compared to so extremely insignificant a beast.

* The meaning of these last words is somewhat of a puzzle to us, and we are not
too proud to make avowal of the fact. De is French for “ of,” and doo or dhu, we
know, is Gaelic for “black.” Pooden doo may formerly perhaps have meant*“black
pudding;” but what is meant by dooden doo we are not sufficient linguists to ex-
plain. We have indeed heard it asserted that “ dooden ” is another way of spelling
the word dhudeen, with which our Irish readers are doubtless well acquainted. But
this will scarcely serve to illustrate the passage we have quoted ; for though a short
pipe may be worn to ornament a hat, it cannot well be made a hoop of, or be used
by way of chin-piece.

PERSECUTION IN IRELAND.

(An Article for the “Nation.”)

With reference to a persecuted Saint, the Dublin Evening Mail
makes the following observations :—

“ Miss Margaret Aylward has been more than seven days engaged ‘ from
mom to noon from noon to dewy eve ’ in not giving to the officer of the Court of
Queen’s Bench the information which is required about the whereabout of the
kidnapped child, Mary Mathews. The skilled reticence exhibited in such a pro-
tracted probation is almost unprecedented. What a famous reverend mother such
a lady would be over a sisterhood of female Trappists, supposing an order of that
nature possible.”

It is persecution like that inflicted on the blessed Margaret
Aylward, Confessor and Virgin, which causes the Exodus of Irish
Saints, and impels, them to enlist under the banner of the Keys, with a
view to crush the impious efforts of the Holy Father’s subjects for the
rejection of the light and easy Papal yoke, and the attainment of consti-
tutional government. The faithful Irish are restrained by cruel penalties
from every effort of pious zeal which may displease the despicable
feelings of odious Protestants. St. Margaret Aylward is baited,
under the Earl oe Carlisle, with dogs of heretical attorneys,
barristers, and bailiffs, just as the early Christians were exposed to be
torn in pieces by wild beasts in the reign of Nero. It is lawful to
take an adder from its nest, remove its fangs, extract its venom,
domesticate it, and teach it to eat potatoes and butter-milk, but a
wretched infant is not to be snatched from out of a brood of heretics.
Of course there is no possibility of executing judgment against the
insolent blasphemers of the sacred Pope.

Go, then, ye suffering exiles of Erin, and either seek Paradise in the
Papal service, or peace in the Far West. They burned a man, the other
day, in Texas ; you will find the edifying story in the New York
Tribune. He was not a Negro as to skin; his complexion was white,
but his soul was black with heresy. This blackguard was travelling in
the Buchanan district in the infamous capacity of a colporteur. He
had some filthy Abolitionist tracts in his foul pockets. On suspicion
of having encouraged the Negroes to rebel, the enthusiastic crowd,
dispensing with the empty ceremony of trying such a vagabond,
soused him head over ears in a barrel of tar, and hung him up by a
limb over a tarred faggot-pile, and in that way burned him alive, as
Mary did Latimer. But what would the tyrannical English law do
if the religious multitude in this oppressed country were to make the
same example of a rascally Souper ? Seek, therefore, the land where
slavery is an institution, and Irishmen are free—free to wallop their
Niggers like John Mitchel, and to roast the miserable objects of
their magnanimous resentment. Or go to Pome, and fight for the
blessed Pope, who is reviled for rescuing little miscreants from their
parents and perdition, like St. Margaret Aylward.

“WHAT’S IN A NAMEr:

The new Dramatic College, we perceive, is situate at Maybury, in
the neighbourhood of Woking Cemetery. There is great consideration
shown in the selection of such a site for the convenient fulfilment
of the last duties to the old sons and daughters of Thespis, Thalia, and
Melpomene, which we trust they will duly appreciate. Let us hope we
may bury them in the long run; but not till they have long enjoyed the
repose of the College. The name has suggested the following lines :—

May-bury? The name’s apropos
To an exit from stage-life mercurial
• To the grave if old actors must go.

By all means let them have a May-burial.

’Tis only applying to them, on their dying,

What in life they all loved—it is certain—

When the play played has been, May burial must mean.

Lots of flowers on the fall of the curtain.

Statistics of Domestic Happiness.

Among the Court Papers for Trinity Term 1860, appeared, the other
day, a list of suits to come on in the Full Court for Divorce and
Matrimonial Causes at Westminster. The cases in question amounted
to 153. Sir Cresswell Cresswell’s Court is growing full indeed—
full usque ad nauseam.

a change of school.

There is a book which narrates the particulars of a journey from
Oxford to Pome. It was at one time feared that Mr. Gladstone
might make that, pilgrimage; but the Chancellor of the Exchequer
has only travelled from Oxford to Manchester.
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