DOI article:
Lerche, Grith; Steensberg, Axel: Tools and tillage in Iran: observations made in 1965 in the province of Kermán
DOI Page / Citation link:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.49001#0231
TOOLS AND TILLAGE IN IRAN
219
Fig. 3. The fields, sahra, surrounded by balks on
the plain north of the rock Kuh-e Sang. Some
round stacks ready for threshing are seen on some
fields. At the bottom are ruins of the fortified
medieval town. Photo: Ax.S.
Die von Rainen umgebenen Felder, sahra, in der
Ebene nbrdlich des Berges Kuh-e Sang. Auf man-
chen Feldern steht dreschfertiges Getreide in run-
den Schobern. Unten im Bild die Ruinen einer
befestigten mittelalterlichen Stadt.
but he was also their representative in rela-
tion to the civil administration. He received,
of course, bribes which was a generally re-
cognized way of paying for services. The
landowner would receive the total harvest
from his tenants. This was then divided into
five portions. One for next year’s seed, one
as his rent as a leaseholder. A third was for
repair and eventual extension of the irriga-
tion system, including the qanats, and for
maintaining the tenant’s farm buildings. The
last two portions were returned to the ten-
ants in the form of food, goods and possibly
some small money. The landowner in fact
acted as the providential or insurance institu-
tion for his tenants much like a lord of the
old manorial system of NW Europe. This
suits the well-known ownership principle in
Iran, where all the things of importance for
the yield are divided into five parts according
to one’s share in the: 1) water for artificial
irrigation, 2) the land, 3) seed, 4) traction
power, 5) human power (Feilberg 1936,
146), if the landowner gives 1,2 and 3 and
the peasants 4 and 5 the sharing is 3 to 2.
When Mr. Kaaesgaard needed water for
Mr. Kaaesgaard, a Danish civil engineer
who acted as an independent contractor and
spoke the local language, told that most
farmland was owned by rich men outside the
villages, many of them living in the town of
Sirjan. Their tenants would be represented
by the Katrodan, who was himself a tenant,
Fig. 4. The fields, sahra, surrounded with balks
which are used during irrigation. A main canal-
bed runs straight into the picture. Outside Sirjan.
Photo: Ax.S.
Die Raine, die die Felder, sahra, umgeben, sind
bei der Berieselung von Nutzen. Ein Hauptkanal-
bett erstreckt sich geradlinig ins Bild. Nahe bei
Sirjan.
219
Fig. 3. The fields, sahra, surrounded by balks on
the plain north of the rock Kuh-e Sang. Some
round stacks ready for threshing are seen on some
fields. At the bottom are ruins of the fortified
medieval town. Photo: Ax.S.
Die von Rainen umgebenen Felder, sahra, in der
Ebene nbrdlich des Berges Kuh-e Sang. Auf man-
chen Feldern steht dreschfertiges Getreide in run-
den Schobern. Unten im Bild die Ruinen einer
befestigten mittelalterlichen Stadt.
but he was also their representative in rela-
tion to the civil administration. He received,
of course, bribes which was a generally re-
cognized way of paying for services. The
landowner would receive the total harvest
from his tenants. This was then divided into
five portions. One for next year’s seed, one
as his rent as a leaseholder. A third was for
repair and eventual extension of the irriga-
tion system, including the qanats, and for
maintaining the tenant’s farm buildings. The
last two portions were returned to the ten-
ants in the form of food, goods and possibly
some small money. The landowner in fact
acted as the providential or insurance institu-
tion for his tenants much like a lord of the
old manorial system of NW Europe. This
suits the well-known ownership principle in
Iran, where all the things of importance for
the yield are divided into five parts according
to one’s share in the: 1) water for artificial
irrigation, 2) the land, 3) seed, 4) traction
power, 5) human power (Feilberg 1936,
146), if the landowner gives 1,2 and 3 and
the peasants 4 and 5 the sharing is 3 to 2.
When Mr. Kaaesgaard needed water for
Mr. Kaaesgaard, a Danish civil engineer
who acted as an independent contractor and
spoke the local language, told that most
farmland was owned by rich men outside the
villages, many of them living in the town of
Sirjan. Their tenants would be represented
by the Katrodan, who was himself a tenant,
Fig. 4. The fields, sahra, surrounded with balks
which are used during irrigation. A main canal-
bed runs straight into the picture. Outside Sirjan.
Photo: Ax.S.
Die Raine, die die Felder, sahra, umgeben, sind
bei der Berieselung von Nutzen. Ein Hauptkanal-
bett erstreckt sich geradlinig ins Bild. Nahe bei
Sirjan.