DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.1033#0018
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TOMBS OF HAWARA.
apparently soon reached ; but on examining it I found
that it was only formed of large blocks of the soft
sand-rock hardened by sulphate of lime, which had
been thrown in : on cutting through these we went
down twenty-five feet before finding the real rock,
about the position of the man in (PI. VII, i). Seeing
that this sloped downward toward the chapel we
cleared it some way ; but afterwards, leaving this cut-
ting, we sank another pit nearer the chapel, skirting
down the edge of the rock, and so reached the top of
the entrance to the sepulchre at twenty-five feet down.
Inside it was partly filled with sand which had run in,
but the chamber at the bottom was nearly empty,
with some black mud and water on the floor, and the
bones of a boy who had somehow met his end here.
This lower chamber has evidently been lined with fine
stone, and it lies exactly under the chapel on the sur-
face. A ledge along the E. side leads to a long, low
chamber at a higher level in which lay some late
burials in wooden coffins, probably of the XXth—
XXVIth dynasty.
On attacking the other tombs they proved to be on
two systems ; some with a long sloping entrance, such
as VII, i, and others with a well entrance,, from which
the passage sloped down in the rock. The parts
were usually (i) a well or sloping trench; (2) a pas-
sage in the rock ; (3) an antechamber wider above
than the passage, but having two level ledges along
the sides, so that the floor width is a continuation of
the passage ; (4) the sepulchre, sometimes lined with
stone, sometimes plain rock; (5) the sarcophagus,
with sides plain, sometimes of limestone, with a lid
like that of Amenemhat III in the pyramid, and torus
edges, as in (VII, 4), sometimes of massive sandstone,
roughly formed outside, as in (VII, 6), sometimes of
polished sandstone with engraved inscription, of which
fragments were found. These chapels and tombs had
all been destroyed at an early date for the sake of the
stone. The only fragments of sculpture which remain
are occasional blocks of the chapels, which have fallen
down the tomb wells and not been drawn out again.
(In this way three blocks of the tomb (VII, 10) of
Ameni-senb-nebuu (XI, 2, 3, 4) were found ; he was
an official of the temple at Kahun, for we see just over
his head the lower part of the hieroglyph of a building
belonging to Semutaui the ka of Usertesen II. In
another well (VII, 8) were two blocks of the tomb of
Ranefankh, one with inscription (XI, 9) and one with
his figure, seated. In the wells of tomb VII, 4 were
I the blocks XI, 5, 6, and 7 together. From these we
can form an idea of the fine work of these great chapels,
which were grouped together in the desert plain. The
general plan is much like that of the Apis tomb of the
XVII Ith dynasty still existing at Sakkara. At a later
date these tombs were used for burials in wooden
coffins, probably between the XXth and XXVIth dyn-
asties. Most of these had perished by the damp and
exposure to air, but two finely cut inscriptions in wood
were preserved, XXV, 20 on the outside and XXV, 19
on the inside coffin of one burial. After these burials
were rifled, and the tombs filled with sand, innumer-
able crocodiles were buried in the ground around,
and in the sand filling of the wells, probably in the
Ptolemaic times.
28. About the end of the XXVIth dynasty, judging
by the style of the remains, a large tomb was ex-
cavated, marked as "Tomb well of Tet-bast-auf-ankh"
in the plan PI. XXV, " Hawara." The well of this is
forty feet deep, and the chambers extend more than
fifty feet in the rock (VII, 11). When I opened the
well last season, the canopic jars for two men, both
named Tet-bast-auf-ankh were found standing in the
recess just east of Ra-n-ma's chamber : and on raising
two of the mummies that were in the place, and
examining them we found no amulets. I therefore
did not. go down, not having a rope ladder at the time.
This season. I determined to examine it, and on re-
opening the well the first mummy examined, that of
Ra-n-ma, contained amulets. The actual events of
this work I have already described in the Introduc-
tion, so I shall only here state the details of the
tombs.
The canopic jars found last year had probably been
taken from some bodies, and brought to the chamber
entrance for removal; they most likely belong to the
outer of the two sarcophagi at the end of the chamber,
and a body in the chamber of Ra-n-ma : but several
other bodies and wooden coffins were floating about
in the water in the chamber. The construction of the
tomb was a well, down which the sarcophagi were
lowered endways; then next a doorway, built up at
the sides after the sarcophagi were taken in, the built
parts being marked with cross shade in the plan :
then a long chamber, divided in two parts by a wall,
in which a doorway had formerly been closed by a
wooden door. On the south of the chamber is a
recess not as low as the floor, and a chamber next to
it, rather lower, containing one stone sarcophagus, of
a man Ra-n-ma, identified by his finger ring. At the
end of the long chamber are two sarcophagi, one for
a man, and the further one for a girl. On the north
of the long chamber is another in which stands the
TOMBS OF HAWARA.
apparently soon reached ; but on examining it I found
that it was only formed of large blocks of the soft
sand-rock hardened by sulphate of lime, which had
been thrown in : on cutting through these we went
down twenty-five feet before finding the real rock,
about the position of the man in (PI. VII, i). Seeing
that this sloped downward toward the chapel we
cleared it some way ; but afterwards, leaving this cut-
ting, we sank another pit nearer the chapel, skirting
down the edge of the rock, and so reached the top of
the entrance to the sepulchre at twenty-five feet down.
Inside it was partly filled with sand which had run in,
but the chamber at the bottom was nearly empty,
with some black mud and water on the floor, and the
bones of a boy who had somehow met his end here.
This lower chamber has evidently been lined with fine
stone, and it lies exactly under the chapel on the sur-
face. A ledge along the E. side leads to a long, low
chamber at a higher level in which lay some late
burials in wooden coffins, probably of the XXth—
XXVIth dynasty.
On attacking the other tombs they proved to be on
two systems ; some with a long sloping entrance, such
as VII, i, and others with a well entrance,, from which
the passage sloped down in the rock. The parts
were usually (i) a well or sloping trench; (2) a pas-
sage in the rock ; (3) an antechamber wider above
than the passage, but having two level ledges along
the sides, so that the floor width is a continuation of
the passage ; (4) the sepulchre, sometimes lined with
stone, sometimes plain rock; (5) the sarcophagus,
with sides plain, sometimes of limestone, with a lid
like that of Amenemhat III in the pyramid, and torus
edges, as in (VII, 4), sometimes of massive sandstone,
roughly formed outside, as in (VII, 6), sometimes of
polished sandstone with engraved inscription, of which
fragments were found. These chapels and tombs had
all been destroyed at an early date for the sake of the
stone. The only fragments of sculpture which remain
are occasional blocks of the chapels, which have fallen
down the tomb wells and not been drawn out again.
(In this way three blocks of the tomb (VII, 10) of
Ameni-senb-nebuu (XI, 2, 3, 4) were found ; he was
an official of the temple at Kahun, for we see just over
his head the lower part of the hieroglyph of a building
belonging to Semutaui the ka of Usertesen II. In
another well (VII, 8) were two blocks of the tomb of
Ranefankh, one with inscription (XI, 9) and one with
his figure, seated. In the wells of tomb VII, 4 were
I the blocks XI, 5, 6, and 7 together. From these we
can form an idea of the fine work of these great chapels,
which were grouped together in the desert plain. The
general plan is much like that of the Apis tomb of the
XVII Ith dynasty still existing at Sakkara. At a later
date these tombs were used for burials in wooden
coffins, probably between the XXth and XXVIth dyn-
asties. Most of these had perished by the damp and
exposure to air, but two finely cut inscriptions in wood
were preserved, XXV, 20 on the outside and XXV, 19
on the inside coffin of one burial. After these burials
were rifled, and the tombs filled with sand, innumer-
able crocodiles were buried in the ground around,
and in the sand filling of the wells, probably in the
Ptolemaic times.
28. About the end of the XXVIth dynasty, judging
by the style of the remains, a large tomb was ex-
cavated, marked as "Tomb well of Tet-bast-auf-ankh"
in the plan PI. XXV, " Hawara." The well of this is
forty feet deep, and the chambers extend more than
fifty feet in the rock (VII, 11). When I opened the
well last season, the canopic jars for two men, both
named Tet-bast-auf-ankh were found standing in the
recess just east of Ra-n-ma's chamber : and on raising
two of the mummies that were in the place, and
examining them we found no amulets. I therefore
did not. go down, not having a rope ladder at the time.
This season. I determined to examine it, and on re-
opening the well the first mummy examined, that of
Ra-n-ma, contained amulets. The actual events of
this work I have already described in the Introduc-
tion, so I shall only here state the details of the
tombs.
The canopic jars found last year had probably been
taken from some bodies, and brought to the chamber
entrance for removal; they most likely belong to the
outer of the two sarcophagi at the end of the chamber,
and a body in the chamber of Ra-n-ma : but several
other bodies and wooden coffins were floating about
in the water in the chamber. The construction of the
tomb was a well, down which the sarcophagi were
lowered endways; then next a doorway, built up at
the sides after the sarcophagi were taken in, the built
parts being marked with cross shade in the plan :
then a long chamber, divided in two parts by a wall,
in which a doorway had formerly been closed by a
wooden door. On the south of the chamber is a
recess not as low as the floor, and a chamber next to
it, rather lower, containing one stone sarcophagus, of
a man Ra-n-ma, identified by his finger ring. At the
end of the long chamber are two sarcophagi, one for
a man, and the further one for a girl. On the north
of the long chamber is another in which stands the