DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.4263#0068
inlength,and
winch they f0rn
ted ^ Corini
*h"* is faced
OF A STOA OR PORTICO AT ATHENS.
67
etlj
;ed in th^ folb^
* 0U the "Pper%l
:Ql before the gafe
5 they were placed
t step of the portal
'lature, are not mud
Mature which it iup.
over the tympany
tal is much ruined,
, and some fragments
itions. The ante or
:ach extremity to tlis
1 is on the north-east
n has been. On the
igular, and has pro.
have been what Vt
■hat resembling tk
■ capitals of a subssqueil
;ek church called Megfli
enclosure or peribota, n
\, to have formed part of i
ount of the introduction.'
style and dimensions: h
2 library aUuded toin*
rhus from the above»
in question may be «*
iy the ancient Greek tf
■herto disputed points,a
,he enquiries of futwe *
ested by a Turkish pop*
ected access to the mt*
inscriptions, fragments^
antiquarian doubt,
ration in concluding^;
as a part of the
Pausanias, or '!»»«.
Man. We may t jg
PANTHEON 0FS
•-ciarkes', ani&
andLeeke'sand^
recians called a «**«
this chapteru th! >
abiguity, call the
;s gateway, a r',lsl
[aCedbeforetheJ-ds5rf.
note general!}
on each side of Westminster Bridge ; and, like them, were designed to accommodate such persons as
were disposed to sit and converse without interruption.
Great part of the back-front likewise remains; it is supported on the outside by six large plain
parastataor buttresses. Whatever decoration may have been on the interior face of this wall, it is evi-
dent that the external face has never had much ornament bestowed on it. There still remain some
traces of a peristyle or continued colonnade, which, on the inside of these walls, encompassed the
quadrangular space beforementioned. This peristyle was composed of a double range of columns,
agreeing in this particular with Vitruvius's Description of Porticos. Of the great number of columns
that were necessary to form such a peristyle, only one remains in its original place, and it seems to
be of that range which was farthest distant from the wall.
Exactly fronting the gate or entrance, described in the third and fourth section of this chapter,
and about 250 feet distant from the front wall, are some old foundationsa; on them, a large church,
the work of a most barbarous age, has been since erected ; it is called • Ee megale Panagia', or Great
St. Mary's. In the walls of this church are still to be seen an ancient arch and some other remains
of excellent masonry: contiguous to the church are three columns supporting an architrave; they
were probably part of the same edifice to which the arch originally belonged.
Whatever difficulties attend the disquisition concerning this building ; most evidently it was
not the Temple of Jupiter Olympius, for that temple was situated in the southern part of the city near
the Fountain Callirrhoe, whereas this building stands to the north of the Acropolis. Those stately
ruins vulgarly called the Columns of Adrian, and supposed to be the remains of that emperor's palace,
stand exactly on the spot assigned by the ancients to the Temple of Jupiter Olympius. In reality,
these lastmentioned ruins agree in so many other particulars, besides their situation, with the descrip-
tions of that sumptuous temple which are still extant, that it is not easy to conceive how any other
building could ever be mistaken for it. Tor we find that the Columns of Adrian, as they are called,
stand in the southb part of the city, and they are near the fountain Enneacrunos, or Callirrhoe c, as
was before observed; to which may be added that they are of very extraordinary dimensions'1, being
nearly sixty feet high, and above six feet in diameter; they are the remains of a Dipteros and Hypae-
throse, of the Corinthian Order; and the peribolus or enclosure in which they stood, was nearly if
not quite a circuit of four stadiaf. Now these are exactly the particulars which the ancients have
left us concerning the Temple of Jupiter Olympius at Athens, as may be seen by the authorities cited
in the Notes.
» If the peristyle, or internal colonnade, crossed the quadran-
gular space close by the front of these ruins, the area inclosed
by it will have been exactly a square.
To 01 7T£0 TOI/TOt, fi U-y.^TToXlt; 7] VVV DUCTCC, 7TO?U ," VjV, JiSSJ TO V7r' U.VTYIV
TTF0S ^0T0V ^CtAlCTtZ T£T£U.pLy.lVOV, X. T. ?..
Smith very properly trnnslates this passage as follows: 'Be-
fore this time that which is now the citadel and that part which
lies on the south side of the citadel, was all the city. The tem-
ples built cither within the citadel or without, sufficiently shew
it. For, in the south part of the city, particularly, stand the tem-
ples of Olympian Jove, of the Pythian Apollo, &c. All the
other ancient temples are seated in the same quarter. Near it
also is the fountain, now called Enneacrunos, or nine pipes, &c.'
Thucyd. B. II. 15.
Here Valla, instead of tt^o; m'tm, reads irgo; a.^xrn, or, ' on the
north side of the citadel', and Palmerius seems to approve this
reading, and to suppose that the Fountain Enneacrunos and
Mount Hymettus were to the north of the citadel. But they are
mistaken, for the Enneacrunos, the llissus, Hymettus, and the
country of Agra, lying between Hymettus and the llissus, are all
situated to the southward of Athens.
c TapuiT'ito*; 8\ \o~roeii to* rw Aior vim y.uiao-v.i'juJ^wrcK, AO^tctioo^
'Emeut^oiW 7rAr,o-io>, x. t. a. ' Tarentimis relates that when the
Athenians were building the Temple of Jupiter Olympius, near
the Fountain Enneacrunos, &c.' Hierocles in the Preface to his
Hippiatrics, cited by Meursius in his Cecropia, p. 32.
d In Astu verb Jovem Olympium amplo modulorum compa-
ratu, Corinthiis symmetriis et proportionibus, architectandum
Cossutius suscepisse memoratur. ' In the city of Athens we are
told that Cossutius undertook the building of the Temple of Ju-
piter Olympius on a scale of great dimensions, and of the Co-
rinthian Order.' Vitruvius, Proeme to his Seventh Book.
e Hypaethros vero deeastylos est in pronao et postico. Reliqua
omnia eadem habet, qua; dipteros, &c. hujus autem exemplar
Roma; non est, sed Athenis octastylos in Templo Jovis Olympii.
' The hypaethros is decastyle both in the portico and in the back-
front. In all other respects it is the same with the dipteros.
There is no example of it at Rome, but at Athens the Temple
of Jupiter Olympius, though an octastyle, is of this species.'
Vitruvius, Book III. Chap. 1.
' O ij.lv $'/) Tret? TrEpif3oAo$ o-ruoiav jxa.7\icr7a- rsca-a-puv to-rU. c But
the whole peribolus r_or circuit inclosing the consecrated place in
which the temple stands] is of about four stadia.' Pausanias,
Bonk I. Chap. 18.
winch they f0rn
ted ^ Corini
*h"* is faced
OF A STOA OR PORTICO AT ATHENS.
67
etlj
;ed in th^ folb^
* 0U the "Pper%l
:Ql before the gafe
5 they were placed
t step of the portal
'lature, are not mud
Mature which it iup.
over the tympany
tal is much ruined,
, and some fragments
itions. The ante or
:ach extremity to tlis
1 is on the north-east
n has been. On the
igular, and has pro.
have been what Vt
■hat resembling tk
■ capitals of a subssqueil
;ek church called Megfli
enclosure or peribota, n
\, to have formed part of i
ount of the introduction.'
style and dimensions: h
2 library aUuded toin*
rhus from the above»
in question may be «*
iy the ancient Greek tf
■herto disputed points,a
,he enquiries of futwe *
ested by a Turkish pop*
ected access to the mt*
inscriptions, fragments^
antiquarian doubt,
ration in concluding^;
as a part of the
Pausanias, or '!»»«.
Man. We may t jg
PANTHEON 0FS
•-ciarkes', ani&
andLeeke'sand^
recians called a «**«
this chapteru th! >
abiguity, call the
;s gateway, a r',lsl
[aCedbeforetheJ-ds5rf.
note general!}
on each side of Westminster Bridge ; and, like them, were designed to accommodate such persons as
were disposed to sit and converse without interruption.
Great part of the back-front likewise remains; it is supported on the outside by six large plain
parastataor buttresses. Whatever decoration may have been on the interior face of this wall, it is evi-
dent that the external face has never had much ornament bestowed on it. There still remain some
traces of a peristyle or continued colonnade, which, on the inside of these walls, encompassed the
quadrangular space beforementioned. This peristyle was composed of a double range of columns,
agreeing in this particular with Vitruvius's Description of Porticos. Of the great number of columns
that were necessary to form such a peristyle, only one remains in its original place, and it seems to
be of that range which was farthest distant from the wall.
Exactly fronting the gate or entrance, described in the third and fourth section of this chapter,
and about 250 feet distant from the front wall, are some old foundationsa; on them, a large church,
the work of a most barbarous age, has been since erected ; it is called • Ee megale Panagia', or Great
St. Mary's. In the walls of this church are still to be seen an ancient arch and some other remains
of excellent masonry: contiguous to the church are three columns supporting an architrave; they
were probably part of the same edifice to which the arch originally belonged.
Whatever difficulties attend the disquisition concerning this building ; most evidently it was
not the Temple of Jupiter Olympius, for that temple was situated in the southern part of the city near
the Fountain Callirrhoe, whereas this building stands to the north of the Acropolis. Those stately
ruins vulgarly called the Columns of Adrian, and supposed to be the remains of that emperor's palace,
stand exactly on the spot assigned by the ancients to the Temple of Jupiter Olympius. In reality,
these lastmentioned ruins agree in so many other particulars, besides their situation, with the descrip-
tions of that sumptuous temple which are still extant, that it is not easy to conceive how any other
building could ever be mistaken for it. Tor we find that the Columns of Adrian, as they are called,
stand in the southb part of the city, and they are near the fountain Enneacrunos, or Callirrhoe c, as
was before observed; to which may be added that they are of very extraordinary dimensions'1, being
nearly sixty feet high, and above six feet in diameter; they are the remains of a Dipteros and Hypae-
throse, of the Corinthian Order; and the peribolus or enclosure in which they stood, was nearly if
not quite a circuit of four stadiaf. Now these are exactly the particulars which the ancients have
left us concerning the Temple of Jupiter Olympius at Athens, as may be seen by the authorities cited
in the Notes.
» If the peristyle, or internal colonnade, crossed the quadran-
gular space close by the front of these ruins, the area inclosed
by it will have been exactly a square.
To 01 7T£0 TOI/TOt, fi U-y.^TToXlt; 7] VVV DUCTCC, 7TO?U ," VjV, JiSSJ TO V7r' U.VTYIV
TTF0S ^0T0V ^CtAlCTtZ T£T£U.pLy.lVOV, X. T. ?..
Smith very properly trnnslates this passage as follows: 'Be-
fore this time that which is now the citadel and that part which
lies on the south side of the citadel, was all the city. The tem-
ples built cither within the citadel or without, sufficiently shew
it. For, in the south part of the city, particularly, stand the tem-
ples of Olympian Jove, of the Pythian Apollo, &c. All the
other ancient temples are seated in the same quarter. Near it
also is the fountain, now called Enneacrunos, or nine pipes, &c.'
Thucyd. B. II. 15.
Here Valla, instead of tt^o; m'tm, reads irgo; a.^xrn, or, ' on the
north side of the citadel', and Palmerius seems to approve this
reading, and to suppose that the Fountain Enneacrunos and
Mount Hymettus were to the north of the citadel. But they are
mistaken, for the Enneacrunos, the llissus, Hymettus, and the
country of Agra, lying between Hymettus and the llissus, are all
situated to the southward of Athens.
c TapuiT'ito*; 8\ \o~roeii to* rw Aior vim y.uiao-v.i'juJ^wrcK, AO^tctioo^
'Emeut^oiW 7rAr,o-io>, x. t. a. ' Tarentimis relates that when the
Athenians were building the Temple of Jupiter Olympius, near
the Fountain Enneacrunos, &c.' Hierocles in the Preface to his
Hippiatrics, cited by Meursius in his Cecropia, p. 32.
d In Astu verb Jovem Olympium amplo modulorum compa-
ratu, Corinthiis symmetriis et proportionibus, architectandum
Cossutius suscepisse memoratur. ' In the city of Athens we are
told that Cossutius undertook the building of the Temple of Ju-
piter Olympius on a scale of great dimensions, and of the Co-
rinthian Order.' Vitruvius, Proeme to his Seventh Book.
e Hypaethros vero deeastylos est in pronao et postico. Reliqua
omnia eadem habet, qua; dipteros, &c. hujus autem exemplar
Roma; non est, sed Athenis octastylos in Templo Jovis Olympii.
' The hypaethros is decastyle both in the portico and in the back-
front. In all other respects it is the same with the dipteros.
There is no example of it at Rome, but at Athens the Temple
of Jupiter Olympius, though an octastyle, is of this species.'
Vitruvius, Book III. Chap. 1.
' O ij.lv $'/) Tret? TrEpif3oAo$ o-ruoiav jxa.7\icr7a- rsca-a-puv to-rU. c But
the whole peribolus r_or circuit inclosing the consecrated place in
which the temple stands] is of about four stadia.' Pausanias,
Bonk I. Chap. 18.