DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.1401#0486
432
THE ILLUSTRATED EXHIBITOR.
the application of the common weaving-reed to the cir-
cular frame.
These machines are very extensively used in Notting-
ham. The numher of " feeders" now at work is upwards
of 6,000, each knitting from 4 lbs. to 6 lbs. of yarn a day.
Some of the machines are so constructed, that a girl, 15 or
16 years of age, is enabled with ease to work four feeders
at a time ; and the produce of her ordinary day's labour
from such a frame is material sufficient for 20 dozen pairs
of stockings In addition to this large number known t«
be employed, many others, which are adaptations of the
Chevalier Claussen's loom, are worked secretly in varied
parts of the town and neighbourhood of Nottingham T®
the extended employment of these machines in NotW
ham 1S mainly to be attributed the bringing-back to thai
town of the whole of the cheap stocking trade, which
up to a very recent period, was carried on in Saxonv TV
Council medal has been awaided to this Chevalier '
ELLIOTT'S WEIGHING MACHINE.
This useful invention, contributed by Mr. John Elliott,
Sheffield, differs from the machine hitherto in use, the
production of his father, in several important particulars.
The framework is a quadrant, placed against the wall;
from the right angle, at the top, projects horizontally the
balance; and again, from the balance is a small curved
fulcrum, oyer which passes a chain to sustain the scale.
There are also attached to the
balance a weight and index,
having much the appearance of
a clock pendulum, which move
along the curve of the quad-
rant according to the weight of
the substance in the scale. On
the substance weighed being
removed, the weight falls to
its original position with con-
siderable force, but, to prevent
injury to the machine, a small
spring is placed on the frame-
work, which receives the force
of the weight. At the end of
the balance Mr. Elliott has in-
geniously fixed a small index,
which gives the weight in
French kilogrammes; and
other indices might be fixed to
give the corresponding weight
of all nations. There is a
small regulator of the simplest
kind, by which the machine
may be adjusted to the im-
perial standard, The scale,
when not in use, may be hung
upon the top of the frame-
work, revealing the words,
" Sobriety and self-reliance,'* and the Sheffield arms.
The ball or weight of the machine sent to the Exhibition
is f«ur inches diameter and four pounds weight. The
frame of the quadrant two feet four inches in the square
outside. The radius of the fulcrum is six to one of the
quadrant, and the leverage as six to one of the ball. This
will weigh from a quarter of a pound to fifty-six pounds
avoirdupois. The framework is of mahogany, polished
seven-eighths of an inch thick, three inches broad'
having a square frame of iron and steel let in level with
the wood. The gradation scale is of brass. In some
Elliott's weighing machine,
there is a lever, pinion, and rack cut on the index, for the
purpose of regulating, the index Working on two buttons
in two plates on the back of the index. They are made
of various sizes, are simple, ingenious, and useful.
NEEDLE-MAKING MACHINE.
There are few visitors to the machine-room in the
Crystal Palacebutmusthaveseentheneedle-makingmachine
of Mr. Abel Morrall, of Studley "Works, "Warwickshire, to
whom the credit of some valuable improvements in the art
of needle-making is justly due. "We have before us at
this moment a paper case containing the article in its
various stages, from the rough wire to the polished needle.
The wire in the first instance is cut to a length double that
of each needle. Both ends are then pointed, and the centre
of the bar is next stamped, that is, the position of the eye
in each needle is indicated, also the point of separation.
Eyeing is the next process, after which the bar is filed,
and the two needles separated. The head is then rounded
off, and the needle is what is termed headed, next drilled and
hardened, and then scoured and finished. The process
of stamping the needles and marking them for the eye-
holes, is particularly curious and interesting. Burnishing
the eye is an operation which, it appears, sends off 12,000
at one time; and it is computed that a good workman may
carry 100,000 needles per day through this stage, whilst
in that of eyeing, four thousand per hour are easily
produced.
The value of Mr. Morrall's plan will be at once per-
ceived when we recount the number of processes through
which a piece of wire proceeds, under the ordinary modeoi
manufacture, before it can properly be called a " needle •—■
the most useful " weapon" in the world s—Wire received,
weighed, gauged, cut, rubbed* counted, pointed at first
end, washed* cut back, pointed at last end, examined,
counted, washed, weighed, annealed* stamped, pressed,
spitted, filed, broken, heads filed, oil burnt off, son,
straightened, evened, counted, hardened, evened, strapped,
tempered, weighed, examined, picked for crooks, Ba*"d"
straightened, counted, scoured with seven emeries, washed
and evened between each, washed anddried, weighed, evened,
headed, weighed, ground at points, weighed, scou5e^
again with one more emery, and glazed,- Weighed, washed
and dried, weighed, evened, headed* picked for waste and
broken points, flecked, and crooked, weighed by count,
set, examined, weighed for drillers, blued, drilled, ^bbea,
weighed from drilling, examined, rounded by finishing,
finished once, rubbed, finished again, nibbed, examinee,
counted in 25's, papered, labelled, tied up,-
collected,
packed up—in all 70 processes.
-■——~ -■•
----■'- *
THE ILLUSTRATED EXHIBITOR.
the application of the common weaving-reed to the cir-
cular frame.
These machines are very extensively used in Notting-
ham. The numher of " feeders" now at work is upwards
of 6,000, each knitting from 4 lbs. to 6 lbs. of yarn a day.
Some of the machines are so constructed, that a girl, 15 or
16 years of age, is enabled with ease to work four feeders
at a time ; and the produce of her ordinary day's labour
from such a frame is material sufficient for 20 dozen pairs
of stockings In addition to this large number known t«
be employed, many others, which are adaptations of the
Chevalier Claussen's loom, are worked secretly in varied
parts of the town and neighbourhood of Nottingham T®
the extended employment of these machines in NotW
ham 1S mainly to be attributed the bringing-back to thai
town of the whole of the cheap stocking trade, which
up to a very recent period, was carried on in Saxonv TV
Council medal has been awaided to this Chevalier '
ELLIOTT'S WEIGHING MACHINE.
This useful invention, contributed by Mr. John Elliott,
Sheffield, differs from the machine hitherto in use, the
production of his father, in several important particulars.
The framework is a quadrant, placed against the wall;
from the right angle, at the top, projects horizontally the
balance; and again, from the balance is a small curved
fulcrum, oyer which passes a chain to sustain the scale.
There are also attached to the
balance a weight and index,
having much the appearance of
a clock pendulum, which move
along the curve of the quad-
rant according to the weight of
the substance in the scale. On
the substance weighed being
removed, the weight falls to
its original position with con-
siderable force, but, to prevent
injury to the machine, a small
spring is placed on the frame-
work, which receives the force
of the weight. At the end of
the balance Mr. Elliott has in-
geniously fixed a small index,
which gives the weight in
French kilogrammes; and
other indices might be fixed to
give the corresponding weight
of all nations. There is a
small regulator of the simplest
kind, by which the machine
may be adjusted to the im-
perial standard, The scale,
when not in use, may be hung
upon the top of the frame-
work, revealing the words,
" Sobriety and self-reliance,'* and the Sheffield arms.
The ball or weight of the machine sent to the Exhibition
is f«ur inches diameter and four pounds weight. The
frame of the quadrant two feet four inches in the square
outside. The radius of the fulcrum is six to one of the
quadrant, and the leverage as six to one of the ball. This
will weigh from a quarter of a pound to fifty-six pounds
avoirdupois. The framework is of mahogany, polished
seven-eighths of an inch thick, three inches broad'
having a square frame of iron and steel let in level with
the wood. The gradation scale is of brass. In some
Elliott's weighing machine,
there is a lever, pinion, and rack cut on the index, for the
purpose of regulating, the index Working on two buttons
in two plates on the back of the index. They are made
of various sizes, are simple, ingenious, and useful.
NEEDLE-MAKING MACHINE.
There are few visitors to the machine-room in the
Crystal Palacebutmusthaveseentheneedle-makingmachine
of Mr. Abel Morrall, of Studley "Works, "Warwickshire, to
whom the credit of some valuable improvements in the art
of needle-making is justly due. "We have before us at
this moment a paper case containing the article in its
various stages, from the rough wire to the polished needle.
The wire in the first instance is cut to a length double that
of each needle. Both ends are then pointed, and the centre
of the bar is next stamped, that is, the position of the eye
in each needle is indicated, also the point of separation.
Eyeing is the next process, after which the bar is filed,
and the two needles separated. The head is then rounded
off, and the needle is what is termed headed, next drilled and
hardened, and then scoured and finished. The process
of stamping the needles and marking them for the eye-
holes, is particularly curious and interesting. Burnishing
the eye is an operation which, it appears, sends off 12,000
at one time; and it is computed that a good workman may
carry 100,000 needles per day through this stage, whilst
in that of eyeing, four thousand per hour are easily
produced.
The value of Mr. Morrall's plan will be at once per-
ceived when we recount the number of processes through
which a piece of wire proceeds, under the ordinary modeoi
manufacture, before it can properly be called a " needle •—■
the most useful " weapon" in the world s—Wire received,
weighed, gauged, cut, rubbed* counted, pointed at first
end, washed* cut back, pointed at last end, examined,
counted, washed, weighed, annealed* stamped, pressed,
spitted, filed, broken, heads filed, oil burnt off, son,
straightened, evened, counted, hardened, evened, strapped,
tempered, weighed, examined, picked for crooks, Ba*"d"
straightened, counted, scoured with seven emeries, washed
and evened between each, washed anddried, weighed, evened,
headed, weighed, ground at points, weighed, scou5e^
again with one more emery, and glazed,- Weighed, washed
and dried, weighed, evened, headed* picked for waste and
broken points, flecked, and crooked, weighed by count,
set, examined, weighed for drillers, blued, drilled, ^bbea,
weighed from drilling, examined, rounded by finishing,
finished once, rubbed, finished again, nibbed, examinee,
counted in 25's, papered, labelled, tied up,-
collected,
packed up—in all 70 processes.
-■——~ -■•
----■'- *