DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.1401#0543
THE ILLUSTRATED EXHIBITOR.
489
whilst its upper surface is filed into facets or flat parts,
corresponding in width and number to the width and
number of the columns of the newspaper ; between each
column there is a strip of steel, with a thin edge to print
the " rule," the body of it being wedge-shaped, so as to
fill up the angular space left between the columns of type,
and to press the type together sideways, or in the direction
of the lines; the type is pressed together in the other di-
rection by means of screws, and is therefore firmly held
together. The surface of the type thus forms a portion of
a polygon; and the regularity of the impression is obtained
by pasting slips of paper on the paper cylinders.
The operation of the machine is very simple: the " layer-
on" draws forward a sheet of paper on the feeding-board,
until its edge is under a roller, furnished with tapes, which
drops down, and draws the sheet forward and downward,
into a vertical p«sition, when other rollers and tapes carry
it round the paper cylinder, when it meets the type, which
has been inked by passing in contact with the inking-
rollers; the sheet then continues its progress until it
reaches the " taker-off."
the "vertical" being employed in working off the inner
form of the paper, which by its superior speed it accom-
plishes in about three and a half hours.
On the 7th of May, 1850, the Times and Supplement
contained 72 columns, or 17,500 lines, made up of up-
wards of 1,000,000 pieces of type, of which matter about
two-fifths were written, composed, and corrected after
seven o'clock in the evening. The Supplement was sent
to press at 7.50 p.m., the first form of the paper at 4.15
a.m., and the second form at 4.45 a.m. On this occasion
7,000 papers were published before 6.15 a.m., 21,000
papers before 7.30 a.m., and 34,000 before 8.45 a.m., or
in about four hours. The greatest number of copies ever
printed in one day was 54,000 ; and the greatest quantity
of printing in one day's publication was on the 1st of
March, 1848, when the paper used weighed 7 tons, the
weight usually required being 4^ tons; the surface to be
printed every night, including the Supplement, was'30
acres; the weight of the fount of type in constant use
was 7 tons, and 110 compositors and 25 pressmen were
constantly employed. The whole of the printing at the
SECTIONAL VIEW OF MESSRS. APPLEGARTH's AND COVVPEr's VERTICAL PRINTING MACHINE, ERECTED
EOR THE "TIMES" IN 1848.
The ink is supplied to the type by three inking-rollers,
placed between each two impression-cylinders. Thess
rollers receive their ink from revolving in contact with a
curved inking-table placed on the central printing-drum
opposite to the form of type. The ink is communicated to
the inking-table by two vibrating rollers, alternately in
contact with it, and the ductor-roller. The ductor-roller
iorms one side of an ink-box, from which, as it revolves,
it withdraws a portion of ink. The two ink-boxes are
kept full by a reservoir placed above them. The inking-
rollers are caused to press in contact with the inking-table
by means of coiled springs, and their brass bearings are
also furnished with set screws, to hold them in close con-
tact with the type as it passes, in a similar manner to other
<pnek machines.
It has already been explained that the machine"shown
at the Exhibition has but four feeding-tables, while that
at the Times has eight. Indeed, the produce of this
jaachme might be doubled, by having duplicate forms of
type on a larger central drum, and the addition of another
t? ?f feeding"hoards above. It must be understood, too,
"iat the old cylinder machine is still used by the Times,
Times
„ office is now performed by four of Applegarth and
Cowper's four-cylinder machines, and two of Applegarth's
new vertical cylinder machines.
The machine invented by the Messrs. Napier and Son,
of Lambeth, differs from Mr. Cowper's cylinder in the
fact that fewer tapes are required to carry the sheet round
the drum and on to the type. The operation, technically
called the "laying-on" of the sheet, is effected by means
of grippers, which seize the end of the paper as it is intro-
duced sheet after sheet by the laying-on boy, and carry it
forwards. The " gripper" machine is made either single
or perfecting, and can be worked by a small expenditure
of steam-power; great care, however, is ne essary with
these machines in procuring good register; and they are,
consequently, much oftener used for newspaper than book-
work, rapidity and correctness rather than a beautiful
appearance being the desideratum with the "fourth
Mr.'T. Nelson, jun., of Edinburgh, is the exhibitorof
the working model of a printing machine on a new prin-
ciple, but we are unable to speak of its merits or man-
ner of operation from the fact that the inventor has
489
whilst its upper surface is filed into facets or flat parts,
corresponding in width and number to the width and
number of the columns of the newspaper ; between each
column there is a strip of steel, with a thin edge to print
the " rule," the body of it being wedge-shaped, so as to
fill up the angular space left between the columns of type,
and to press the type together sideways, or in the direction
of the lines; the type is pressed together in the other di-
rection by means of screws, and is therefore firmly held
together. The surface of the type thus forms a portion of
a polygon; and the regularity of the impression is obtained
by pasting slips of paper on the paper cylinders.
The operation of the machine is very simple: the " layer-
on" draws forward a sheet of paper on the feeding-board,
until its edge is under a roller, furnished with tapes, which
drops down, and draws the sheet forward and downward,
into a vertical p«sition, when other rollers and tapes carry
it round the paper cylinder, when it meets the type, which
has been inked by passing in contact with the inking-
rollers; the sheet then continues its progress until it
reaches the " taker-off."
the "vertical" being employed in working off the inner
form of the paper, which by its superior speed it accom-
plishes in about three and a half hours.
On the 7th of May, 1850, the Times and Supplement
contained 72 columns, or 17,500 lines, made up of up-
wards of 1,000,000 pieces of type, of which matter about
two-fifths were written, composed, and corrected after
seven o'clock in the evening. The Supplement was sent
to press at 7.50 p.m., the first form of the paper at 4.15
a.m., and the second form at 4.45 a.m. On this occasion
7,000 papers were published before 6.15 a.m., 21,000
papers before 7.30 a.m., and 34,000 before 8.45 a.m., or
in about four hours. The greatest number of copies ever
printed in one day was 54,000 ; and the greatest quantity
of printing in one day's publication was on the 1st of
March, 1848, when the paper used weighed 7 tons, the
weight usually required being 4^ tons; the surface to be
printed every night, including the Supplement, was'30
acres; the weight of the fount of type in constant use
was 7 tons, and 110 compositors and 25 pressmen were
constantly employed. The whole of the printing at the
SECTIONAL VIEW OF MESSRS. APPLEGARTH's AND COVVPEr's VERTICAL PRINTING MACHINE, ERECTED
EOR THE "TIMES" IN 1848.
The ink is supplied to the type by three inking-rollers,
placed between each two impression-cylinders. Thess
rollers receive their ink from revolving in contact with a
curved inking-table placed on the central printing-drum
opposite to the form of type. The ink is communicated to
the inking-table by two vibrating rollers, alternately in
contact with it, and the ductor-roller. The ductor-roller
iorms one side of an ink-box, from which, as it revolves,
it withdraws a portion of ink. The two ink-boxes are
kept full by a reservoir placed above them. The inking-
rollers are caused to press in contact with the inking-table
by means of coiled springs, and their brass bearings are
also furnished with set screws, to hold them in close con-
tact with the type as it passes, in a similar manner to other
<pnek machines.
It has already been explained that the machine"shown
at the Exhibition has but four feeding-tables, while that
at the Times has eight. Indeed, the produce of this
jaachme might be doubled, by having duplicate forms of
type on a larger central drum, and the addition of another
t? ?f feeding"hoards above. It must be understood, too,
"iat the old cylinder machine is still used by the Times,
Times
„ office is now performed by four of Applegarth and
Cowper's four-cylinder machines, and two of Applegarth's
new vertical cylinder machines.
The machine invented by the Messrs. Napier and Son,
of Lambeth, differs from Mr. Cowper's cylinder in the
fact that fewer tapes are required to carry the sheet round
the drum and on to the type. The operation, technically
called the "laying-on" of the sheet, is effected by means
of grippers, which seize the end of the paper as it is intro-
duced sheet after sheet by the laying-on boy, and carry it
forwards. The " gripper" machine is made either single
or perfecting, and can be worked by a small expenditure
of steam-power; great care, however, is ne essary with
these machines in procuring good register; and they are,
consequently, much oftener used for newspaper than book-
work, rapidity and correctness rather than a beautiful
appearance being the desideratum with the "fourth
Mr.'T. Nelson, jun., of Edinburgh, is the exhibitorof
the working model of a printing machine on a new prin-
ciple, but we are unable to speak of its merits or man-
ner of operation from the fact that the inventor has