Ars: časopis Ústavu Dejín Umenia Slovenskej Akadémie Vied (43.2010)

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9^ Century dukes - Borna (of Dalmatian Croats),
later on Braslav (of Pannonia), or their emissaries
- in case of Duke Ljudevit of Pannonia and also of
Borna — participated in Frankish imperial councils;
so did also the rulers of Lower Pannonia around
the Balaton Lake, Pribina and Kozil. This presence
is especially notable during the rule of Louis the
Pious and the rébellion (819 — 823) of the above
mentioned Ljudevit, when Borna sided with his
Frankish overlordsA They would hâve also seen
another very important westwork linked however to a
building of a very different sort - the Palatine Chapel
at Aachen. Indeed, this structure constructed for and
by Charlemagne is by its position, bulk, and height
not incompatible with the "Croatian westwork".

25 McCLENDON 2005 (see m note 17), pp. 138-141,173-174.
Milosevic quotes references to State Councils (in Aachen and
Frankfurt) of 818, 819, 820, 821, 822, and the rule of Braslav
884 — 896. — MILOSEVIC 2000 (see in note 16), pp. 258-261,
262-263.
"5 LOBBEDAY, U.: HEvpEA La Piere-qui-Vire 1999,
pp. 356-358.
ZYKAN, J.: Die Karolingisch-Vorromanische Malerei in
Österreich. In: GINHART, K. (ed.): Órtřr-
%% JRo^Arög Zht. Wien 1937, pp. 46-50,

Also, according to Lobbeday, a reduced version
of the westwork — a tower plus a gallery — seems
to appear in Westphalia as early as around 900, the
earliest such datable example being Sankt Walburga
at Meschede (ca. 900). Here we indeed find a tall
tower in front of a façade of an aisled church hav-
ing a gallery at its western end, a solution strikingly
similar to the Savior's Church, and, even more so, to
the aisled St. Cecilia in Biskupija [Figs. 3, 7] A
How what we hâve said so far relates to what we
usually caü "Carolingian architecture"? What is really
"Carolingian", and what is "Pre-Romanesque"; or,
as it was lucidly stated décades ago, in 1937, by Josef
Zykan, "anti-Carolingian'W

especially p. 48. Zykan makes his distinction by comparing
the frescoes at Mais ("Carolingian") and at Naturns ("anti-
Carolingian"). The frescoes according to most authors date
from the 9*^ Century, although some doubts hâve been raised
about Naturns. A somewhat similar distinction was made
by Brozzi and Tagliaferi, who, speaking of the Langobard
metalwork (but also of stone reliefs) distinguish between a
"barbarian" or "Langobard" art and an art "contaminated" by
Carolingian art, which they see as linked to "conservative cur-
rents". - BROZZI, M. -TAGLIAFERI, A.: HtA
E? JW Vols. 1-2. Cividale
1961, Vol. 2, p. 44.

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