Riou, Stephen: The Grecian orders of architecture: delineated and explained from the antiquities of Athens ; also the parallels of the orders of Palladio, Scamozzi and Vignola (London, 1768)

of ArchiteBurc.

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For the Ionic and Corinthian diagonal scales, the module raust be divided into eighteen
equal parts, taking the line B. D. as the semidiamctcr of the column ; then set down the numbers
6, 12, 18, underneath their respective diagonal divisions, and to the perpendicular raised at the
point D. the numbers 6, 12, against their proper parallels, and here observe, that each primary-
part is divided into eighteen parts of parts, and that consequently three hundred and twenty-four
parts of parts are equal to the module.
Besides these scales of modules used in delineating any architectural design, there is another
method for determining the divisions of the members, which is more convenient, because it avoids
all fractions of parts, and the sunis of the several quantities assigncd are equal to the whole. It is
done by repeated equal divisions, without any regard to the minutes or parts of a module. For
example: The Attic bate may have its altitude divided into three equal parts, and one of these is
given to the plinth; then again divide the same entire height into four, and one of these de-
termines the height of the great torus. Again, divide the entire height into six equal parts, and
one of these is taken for the Jesser torus. The remaining interval is equal to the great torusj
this divide into six equal parts, of which, one being assigned to each fillet, the sour interme-
diate ones will remain for the scotia. This method has been much practised by the modern
artists, and it was Hkewiseused by the ancients; it is very ingenious, and will ascertain very pre7
cisely and diitinctly the relative measures of all the parts thus subdivided. Yet the greater con-
stituent members of the orders mould firit be determined and traced from their respective modulary
scales.
The following table contains the greater divisions; the distribution observable therein is, that
the strongest column is charged with the heavier! entablature, according to the true reason of
things.

Altitudes.
Doric 1
Mod. p.
16 : o
Ionic
Mod. p.
20 : o
Corinth.
Mod. p.
24 : 0
Entire Order.
|
6
Base of the column - -
Shafts with fillets and astrag
Capital - - - - -
Total heights
o : o !
II : io
o: 8
I : o
*3 : *3
i : 8
16 : o
1 : 0
16 : 3
2 : 6
12 : 6
19 : 9
1 : 9
1 : 6
I : 12
1 ^
Architrave - - - -
Prize -----
J : 2
l: +
i: o
I : 9
i : 9
I : o
|w
Total heights
\ 3 : &
4 : o | 4 : 9

Add the total height of the members of the columns to the total height of the members of
the entablature, and the sunis will give the altitudes of the entire orders.
On some occasions the Corinthian entablature may include only four modules, or two diame-
ters in height; and then to the architrave is given one module six parts, to the frize one mo-
dule three parts, and to the cornice one module nine parts. The artist mould always be able
to judge upon the spot when these or any such chromatic differences may take place.
Having a given perpendicular line for the axis of the column, you may set off from a scale of
modules, the different altitudes as marked down for the intended order in the above table. In
the next table are given to be taken from the same scale, the diameters of the column at top and
bottom, the presectures of its base and capital, and of the principal members of its entablature;
as to other particulars relating to the mouldings, fice, they will be supplied in the course of our
remarks.
Projectures.


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