DOI article:
Omilanowska-Kiljańczyk, Małgorzata: Architektura uzdrowiskowa Połągi w latach 1870 - 1914
DOI Page / Citation link:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.28100#0370
Małgorzata
Omilanowska
Budowa Kurhauzu „Kiejstut” według projektu Witkiewicza w stylu za-
kopiańskim wprowadziłaby rzeczywiście nową jakość w pejzaż nadmorskiej
architektury uzdrowiskowej. Kreowanie Połągi na „Nadbałtyckie Zakopane”,
wyraźnie widoczne w wielu działaniach informacyjnych i propagandowych,
w architekturze kurhauzu znalazłoby swoje materialne potwierdzenie. Wznie-
sienie najważniejszej budowli uzdrowiska w polskim stylu narodowym byłoby
wpisaniem w krajobraz kulturowy tego miejsca łatwo czytelnego znaku o ko-
notacjach politycznych i ideowych, a jednocześnie przyczyniłoby się do uzna-
nia stylu zakopiańskiego za polską alternatywę dla form ruskich, szwajcar-
skich, norweskich czy pruskich w drewnianej architekturze uzdrowiskowej.
Potwierdziłoby zarazem przydatność jego form dla drewnianej architektury
uzdrowiskowej nie tylko na obszarach górskich.
Małgorzata Omilanowska
Spa Architecture of Palanga in 1870-1914
The popular Lithuanian seaside resort of Palanga, known in Polish as Połąga, was
founded on the initiative of one man: Feliks Tyszkiewicz. His imagination and financial
muscle permitted him to employ such widely-known architects from Western Europę
as Franz Heinrich Schwechten and the French designer of gardens, Edouard Andre,
who together came up with the notion of combining an imposing residence with an
exclusive and modern seaside spa town. Not everything included in the original plan
was actually carried out, but what has been preserved alongside the surviving plans
makes it possible to recreate one of the most original private building initiatives from
the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in the territories of pre-Partition Poland.
Palanga belonged to the Tyszkiewicz family from 1824 onwards. Its location was
highly untypical, sińce as a result of local Baltic-German pressure and influence the
little town ceased to be a part of Samogitia and was included in the regional territory
of Courland from 1819 until the end of the First World War. Not that a great deal
happened there until 1891, when Palanga was inherited by the youngest son of Józef
Tyszkiewicz, Feliks. He commissioned the design of a new pałace by Berlińs architect
Franz Schwechten and the parks design by French planner Edouard Andre.
While the pałace and gardens of Feliks Tyszkiewicz were coming into being, so too
was the spa town. While beąueathing the ancient little town to his youngest son, Józef
had taken into consideration the needs of the remaining members of his family, for
whom Palanga as a summer resort was originally intended. Summer villas thus arose
on plots of land belonging to these other family members with the intention of spend-
ing the holidays each year here, thus turning Palanga into a major meeting place and
resort of the Polish aristocracy.
364
Omilanowska
Budowa Kurhauzu „Kiejstut” według projektu Witkiewicza w stylu za-
kopiańskim wprowadziłaby rzeczywiście nową jakość w pejzaż nadmorskiej
architektury uzdrowiskowej. Kreowanie Połągi na „Nadbałtyckie Zakopane”,
wyraźnie widoczne w wielu działaniach informacyjnych i propagandowych,
w architekturze kurhauzu znalazłoby swoje materialne potwierdzenie. Wznie-
sienie najważniejszej budowli uzdrowiska w polskim stylu narodowym byłoby
wpisaniem w krajobraz kulturowy tego miejsca łatwo czytelnego znaku o ko-
notacjach politycznych i ideowych, a jednocześnie przyczyniłoby się do uzna-
nia stylu zakopiańskiego za polską alternatywę dla form ruskich, szwajcar-
skich, norweskich czy pruskich w drewnianej architekturze uzdrowiskowej.
Potwierdziłoby zarazem przydatność jego form dla drewnianej architektury
uzdrowiskowej nie tylko na obszarach górskich.
Małgorzata Omilanowska
Spa Architecture of Palanga in 1870-1914
The popular Lithuanian seaside resort of Palanga, known in Polish as Połąga, was
founded on the initiative of one man: Feliks Tyszkiewicz. His imagination and financial
muscle permitted him to employ such widely-known architects from Western Europę
as Franz Heinrich Schwechten and the French designer of gardens, Edouard Andre,
who together came up with the notion of combining an imposing residence with an
exclusive and modern seaside spa town. Not everything included in the original plan
was actually carried out, but what has been preserved alongside the surviving plans
makes it possible to recreate one of the most original private building initiatives from
the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries in the territories of pre-Partition Poland.
Palanga belonged to the Tyszkiewicz family from 1824 onwards. Its location was
highly untypical, sińce as a result of local Baltic-German pressure and influence the
little town ceased to be a part of Samogitia and was included in the regional territory
of Courland from 1819 until the end of the First World War. Not that a great deal
happened there until 1891, when Palanga was inherited by the youngest son of Józef
Tyszkiewicz, Feliks. He commissioned the design of a new pałace by Berlińs architect
Franz Schwechten and the parks design by French planner Edouard Andre.
While the pałace and gardens of Feliks Tyszkiewicz were coming into being, so too
was the spa town. While beąueathing the ancient little town to his youngest son, Józef
had taken into consideration the needs of the remaining members of his family, for
whom Palanga as a summer resort was originally intended. Summer villas thus arose
on plots of land belonging to these other family members with the intention of spend-
ing the holidays each year here, thus turning Palanga into a major meeting place and
resort of the Polish aristocracy.
364