DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.44944#0352
294
IUPPITER FULGUR—IUPPITER HELIOPOLITANUS
restored temple were the same as those of the original (Gilb. iii. 399), or
that the second was larger and enclosed the earlier (Jord. i. 2. 47), or that
the lines of the earlier were simply marked on the floor of the later. The
statement of Cassius Dio (liv. 8) that Augustus built on the Capitol a
temple of Mars Ultor (q.v.) κατά to τοΰ Διος φερετρίου ζήλωμα, refers
only to the use of the new temple, not to its form, for it was round (Altm.
50)·
There is no mention of any statue of the god in this temple but only
of a sceptre and flint (Fest. 92 : ex cuius templo sumebant sceptrum per
quod iurarent et lapidem silicem quo foedus ferirent, see below), an
evidence of its early date. Within the temple was an altar (Prop. iv.
10. 48 : hinc Feretri dictast ara superba Iovis), unless this passage may
be interpreted as referring simply to the very first shrine.
Various explanations of the epithet feretrius were given by the
ancients, who derived it from fero, feretrum, the frame on which the
spolia were fixed, or from ferre pacem, or from ferire, either in the sense
of striking in battle or striking a victim in making a treaty—foedus ferire
(Liv. i. 10. 5 ; Prop. iv. IO. 46 ; Fest. 92 ; Dionys. ii. 34 ; Plut. Marc. 8,
Rom. 16), or they regarded it as equivalent to υπερφερετης (Dionys. loc.
cit. : οτι πάντων ύπερε-χεά). It is probably connected with ferire, the
stroke of ritual as illustrated in foedus ferire, of which the silex in the
temple is evidence, and Iuppiter Feretrius was therefore equivalent to
Iuppiter Lapis, the latter used as a specially solemn oath—Cic. ep. vii.
12. 2; Gell. i. 21. 4 (Jord. i. 2. 47; Gilb. i. 253-254; ii. 225-226;
iii. 399; Rosch. ii. 670-674 ; WR 117-119, 551, 552; BC 1914, 84-85;
RE x. 1128-1129; RL 1907, 504-516).
Iuppiter Fulgur : a shrine of some sort in the campus Martius, open to
the sky (Vitr. i. 2. 5 : cum Iovi Fulguri . . . aedificia sub diuo
hypaethraque constituents), and evidently of early date. Its day of
dedication was 7th October (Fast. Arv. Paul, ad Non. Oct., CIL i2. p. 214,
242, 331 ; Fast. Ant. ap. NS 1921, 115 ; Rosch. ii. 656; WR 121, 122).
Iuppiter Heliopolitanus, templum. This sanctuary was erected on the
Janiculum on the site of the Lucus Furrinae (q.v.), probably in the
latter half of the first century a.d. Scanty traces of it have been found.
More considerable remains of an edifice erected in 176 a.d. were also
discovered, but only about one quarter of it has been cleared. It con-
sisted, like the first, of an open square temenos, oriented on the points
of the compass, and divided into four equal compartments by two
transverse lines of amphorae ; the enclosure wall of the temenos was also
formed, in part, of rows of amphorae which had, as it appears, some
unknown ritual significance. Two small rooms (one with arrangements
for ritual washing) were also found. Below was a large fish-pond.
Interesting objects were found in a boundary ditch, which soon served
as a favissa. The date is given by the inscriptions. Besides the two
IUPPITER FULGUR—IUPPITER HELIOPOLITANUS
restored temple were the same as those of the original (Gilb. iii. 399), or
that the second was larger and enclosed the earlier (Jord. i. 2. 47), or that
the lines of the earlier were simply marked on the floor of the later. The
statement of Cassius Dio (liv. 8) that Augustus built on the Capitol a
temple of Mars Ultor (q.v.) κατά to τοΰ Διος φερετρίου ζήλωμα, refers
only to the use of the new temple, not to its form, for it was round (Altm.
50)·
There is no mention of any statue of the god in this temple but only
of a sceptre and flint (Fest. 92 : ex cuius templo sumebant sceptrum per
quod iurarent et lapidem silicem quo foedus ferirent, see below), an
evidence of its early date. Within the temple was an altar (Prop. iv.
10. 48 : hinc Feretri dictast ara superba Iovis), unless this passage may
be interpreted as referring simply to the very first shrine.
Various explanations of the epithet feretrius were given by the
ancients, who derived it from fero, feretrum, the frame on which the
spolia were fixed, or from ferre pacem, or from ferire, either in the sense
of striking in battle or striking a victim in making a treaty—foedus ferire
(Liv. i. 10. 5 ; Prop. iv. IO. 46 ; Fest. 92 ; Dionys. ii. 34 ; Plut. Marc. 8,
Rom. 16), or they regarded it as equivalent to υπερφερετης (Dionys. loc.
cit. : οτι πάντων ύπερε-χεά). It is probably connected with ferire, the
stroke of ritual as illustrated in foedus ferire, of which the silex in the
temple is evidence, and Iuppiter Feretrius was therefore equivalent to
Iuppiter Lapis, the latter used as a specially solemn oath—Cic. ep. vii.
12. 2; Gell. i. 21. 4 (Jord. i. 2. 47; Gilb. i. 253-254; ii. 225-226;
iii. 399; Rosch. ii. 670-674 ; WR 117-119, 551, 552; BC 1914, 84-85;
RE x. 1128-1129; RL 1907, 504-516).
Iuppiter Fulgur : a shrine of some sort in the campus Martius, open to
the sky (Vitr. i. 2. 5 : cum Iovi Fulguri . . . aedificia sub diuo
hypaethraque constituents), and evidently of early date. Its day of
dedication was 7th October (Fast. Arv. Paul, ad Non. Oct., CIL i2. p. 214,
242, 331 ; Fast. Ant. ap. NS 1921, 115 ; Rosch. ii. 656; WR 121, 122).
Iuppiter Heliopolitanus, templum. This sanctuary was erected on the
Janiculum on the site of the Lucus Furrinae (q.v.), probably in the
latter half of the first century a.d. Scanty traces of it have been found.
More considerable remains of an edifice erected in 176 a.d. were also
discovered, but only about one quarter of it has been cleared. It con-
sisted, like the first, of an open square temenos, oriented on the points
of the compass, and divided into four equal compartments by two
transverse lines of amphorae ; the enclosure wall of the temenos was also
formed, in part, of rows of amphorae which had, as it appears, some
unknown ritual significance. Two small rooms (one with arrangements
for ritual washing) were also found. Below was a large fish-pond.
Interesting objects were found in a boundary ditch, which soon served
as a favissa. The date is given by the inscriptions. Besides the two