LUPANARIA—LYAEUS =LIBER, BACCHUS 321
Noctiluca). Whether the relation between epithet and illumination was
that of cause or consequence, is uncertain.
Lupanaria : the brothels in Region II (Not. Cur.), which seem to have given
the name to the district. This was probably on the southern slope of the
Caelian, outside the line of the Servian wall and between the macellum
magnum and the domus Lateranorum (HJ 236). These establishments
were under state control.
Lupercal : the cave or grotto at the foot of the Palatine, in which the
she-wolf suckled Romulus and Remus ; from it issued a spring (Dionys.
i. 32> 79 1 Serv. Aen. viii. 90, 343 ; Veil. i. 15 ; Ov. Fasti ii. 380 ff. ;
Cic. ad fam. vii. 20). This cave, with the Ficus Ruminalis (q.v.), was
undoubtedly at the south-west corner of the hill, very near the point
where the clivus Victoriae joins the vicus Tuscus. It seems to have been
a sanctuary of some sort, and at least it had a monumental entrance, for
its restoration by Augustus is recorded (Mon. Anc. iv. 2), as well as the
erection of a statue to Drusus by decree of the senate (CIL vi. 912 &
= 31200 ; WR 561), and it is mentioned as existing in the late empire
(Clem. Alex. Strom, i. 21. 108. 3 ; Not. Reg. X). It gave its name to
the Luperci and the Lupercalia (Liv. i. 5 ; Ov. Fast. ii. 421) ; for the
latter, see A. M. Franklin, The Lupercalia, New York 1921 ; cf. also
DuP 76).
Lyaeus = Liber, Bacchus, tecta : a shrine of Bacchus which, together
with one of Cybele (see Magna Mater, tholus), stood ‘ in summa Sacra
via,’ where the clivus Palatinus branched off to ascend the Palatine (Mart,
i. 70. 9-10 : Flecte vias hac qua madidi sunt tecta Lyaei / Et Cybeles
picto stat Corybante tholus). In 1899 part of a marble epistyle, belonging
to a circular structure about 3.9 metres in diameter, was found in front
of the basilica of Constantine. On this is a fragmentary inscription
recording a restoration by Antoninus Pius. A coin of that emperor
(Cohen ii. No. 1187) represents a circular shrine with a statue of Bacchus
within its colonnade, which probably records the same restoration
(NS 1899, 223, 266; BC 1899, 147; 1903, 27-29; Mitt. 1902, 98-99;
Klio 1902, 241 ; HJ 104 ; Hulsen, Satura Pompeiana Romana 7-8, in
Symbolae litterariae in honorem Iulii de Petra, Florence, 1911 ; HC
238, 239 ; Altm. 72 ; Thed. 341).

A.D.R.

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