DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.44944#0449
PAX
3θ7
ii. 69 : in foro Pacis per dies septem terra mugitum dcdit), and the
temple may have been injured then. At any rate Procopius (BG
iv. 21), writing in the sixth century, says that it had long since been
destroyed by lightning, although there were still many works of art set
up in the immediate vicinity.
The enclosure within which the temple stood is not called forum
in literature until after the time of Constantine. Enclosure and temple
together appear in Pliny (xxxvi. 27) as Pacis opera, and in the Greek
writers as τςαενος Ειρήνης (see above). Forum Pacis is found in
Ammianus, Polemius Silvius and Marcellinus Comes (locc. citt.), φόρον
Ειρήνης in Procopius (loc. cit.) ; forum Vespasiani first in Ep. de Eulalio
antipapa a. 418 (ap. Migne xviii. 397), Polemius Silvius (loc. cit.), and
undoubtedly in Aurelius Victor (Caes. 9. 7). On the north-west it
adjoined the (later) forum Transitorium, and on the south-east the
basilica of Constantine, being rectangular in shape with the same orienta-
tion as the other imperial fora. Its length was 145 metres, and its width
about two-thirds as much, although its north-east boundary is uncertain.
It had an enclosing wall of peperino lined with marble and pierced with
several gates. The peperino blocks have left impressions on the concrete
of the basilica of Constantine, the north-west side of which was set
against it. At the south-east corner there was an entrance from the
Sacra via through a monumental passage which, after several changes,
is now the church of SS. Cosma e Damiano. (For the history and de-
scription of this building, and the theory that it was the Urbis fanum,
mentioned by Aurelius Victor (40. 26) as built by Maxentius and con-
secrated to Constantine, and not the templum divi Romuli, see
P. Whitehead, BCr 1913, 143-165 ; YW 1913, 21.) Further investiga-
tions have led him to the conclusion that the rectangular building in opus
quadratum 1 was the temple of the Penates as restored by Augustus
(AJA 1923, 414; 1927,1-18; RPA iii. 83-95). In the time of Severus a wall
was built across the north-east end of this entrance,2 and on its north-east
side, towards the forum, on a facing of marble slabs, was placed the so-called
Capitoline Plan of the city, Forma Urbis Romae, the fragments of which
were first discovered in May and June 1562. A facsimile is fixed to the
wall of the garden of the Palazzo dei Conservatori. (For the description
and discussion of this Plan, see Jord. Forma Urbis Romae regionum XIV,
Berlin 1874; FI. Elter, de Forma Urbis Romae, diss. i. ii., Bonn 1891 ;
Hiilsen, Piante icnografiche, Mitt. 1890, 46-63 ; Ann. d. Inst. 1867, 408-
423; 1883,5-22; BC 1886, 270-274 ; 1893,128-134; 1901,3-7; Mitt.
1889, 79, 229 ; 1892, 267 ; RhM 1894, 420 ; HF i. p. 534 ; and for the
discovery of new fragments, and the rearrangement on the wall of the
museum, NS 1882, 233-238 ; 1884, 423 ; 1888, 39^39^, 437, 5^9 ; 1900,
1 Others hold it to be the bibliotheca Pacis (HJ 4-6 ; HFP 48).
2 The greater part of this wall was apparently rebuilt in the latter half of the third
century a.d. (RPA cit. 103-106 ; AJA cit. 16, 17).
3θ7
ii. 69 : in foro Pacis per dies septem terra mugitum dcdit), and the
temple may have been injured then. At any rate Procopius (BG
iv. 21), writing in the sixth century, says that it had long since been
destroyed by lightning, although there were still many works of art set
up in the immediate vicinity.
The enclosure within which the temple stood is not called forum
in literature until after the time of Constantine. Enclosure and temple
together appear in Pliny (xxxvi. 27) as Pacis opera, and in the Greek
writers as τςαενος Ειρήνης (see above). Forum Pacis is found in
Ammianus, Polemius Silvius and Marcellinus Comes (locc. citt.), φόρον
Ειρήνης in Procopius (loc. cit.) ; forum Vespasiani first in Ep. de Eulalio
antipapa a. 418 (ap. Migne xviii. 397), Polemius Silvius (loc. cit.), and
undoubtedly in Aurelius Victor (Caes. 9. 7). On the north-west it
adjoined the (later) forum Transitorium, and on the south-east the
basilica of Constantine, being rectangular in shape with the same orienta-
tion as the other imperial fora. Its length was 145 metres, and its width
about two-thirds as much, although its north-east boundary is uncertain.
It had an enclosing wall of peperino lined with marble and pierced with
several gates. The peperino blocks have left impressions on the concrete
of the basilica of Constantine, the north-west side of which was set
against it. At the south-east corner there was an entrance from the
Sacra via through a monumental passage which, after several changes,
is now the church of SS. Cosma e Damiano. (For the history and de-
scription of this building, and the theory that it was the Urbis fanum,
mentioned by Aurelius Victor (40. 26) as built by Maxentius and con-
secrated to Constantine, and not the templum divi Romuli, see
P. Whitehead, BCr 1913, 143-165 ; YW 1913, 21.) Further investiga-
tions have led him to the conclusion that the rectangular building in opus
quadratum 1 was the temple of the Penates as restored by Augustus
(AJA 1923, 414; 1927,1-18; RPA iii. 83-95). In the time of Severus a wall
was built across the north-east end of this entrance,2 and on its north-east
side, towards the forum, on a facing of marble slabs, was placed the so-called
Capitoline Plan of the city, Forma Urbis Romae, the fragments of which
were first discovered in May and June 1562. A facsimile is fixed to the
wall of the garden of the Palazzo dei Conservatori. (For the description
and discussion of this Plan, see Jord. Forma Urbis Romae regionum XIV,
Berlin 1874; FI. Elter, de Forma Urbis Romae, diss. i. ii., Bonn 1891 ;
Hiilsen, Piante icnografiche, Mitt. 1890, 46-63 ; Ann. d. Inst. 1867, 408-
423; 1883,5-22; BC 1886, 270-274 ; 1893,128-134; 1901,3-7; Mitt.
1889, 79, 229 ; 1892, 267 ; RhM 1894, 420 ; HF i. p. 534 ; and for the
discovery of new fragments, and the rearrangement on the wall of the
museum, NS 1882, 233-238 ; 1884, 423 ; 1888, 39^39^, 437, 5^9 ; 1900,
1 Others hold it to be the bibliotheca Pacis (HJ 4-6 ; HFP 48).
2 The greater part of this wall was apparently rebuilt in the latter half of the third
century a.d. (RPA cit. 103-106 ; AJA cit. 16, 17).