DOI Page / Citation link:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.44944#0451
PENTAPYLUM—PIETAS
389
This temple is sometimes thought to have been removed by Vespasian
when he built the forum Pacis (see Pacis Templum), sometimes to have
occupied the site of the so-called ‘ templum Romuli ’ (Jord. i. 2. 416-417 ;
Rosch. iii. 1889-1890; Gilb. ii. 81-84, where the identification of this
temple with the actual rotunda is ridiculous ; WR 165). But, according
to the most recent theory, the rectangular building which forms the main
part of the church of SS. Cosma e Damiano is the enclosure wall of the
temple of the Penates as restored by Augustus (AJA 1923, 414), which
is hidden under the church.
The brick wall at the back, which served to carry the forma Urbis
(see Pax, templum), is, in its present condition, even later than Septimius
Severus : while the rotunda belongs to the time of Maxentius (see Urbis
Fanum). The whole subject has been carefully studied by Whitehead
and Biasiotti (RPA iii. 83-122; AJA 1927, 1-18; cf. also Leclercq in
Cabrol, Diet. iii. 2350-2367 ; Mem. Am. Acad. v. 120).
Pentapylum : a building on the Palatine (Not. Reg. X), but otherwise
unknown (Pr. Reg. 183), unless it be identified with a possible temple
of Jupiter Ultor (q.v.) (Richmond in JRS iv. 196, places it near the
Domus Augusti).
Petronia, amnis : a brook that had its source in a spring, the Cati fons, on
the west slope of the Quirinal, and flowed across the campus Martius into
the Tiber (Fest. 250 : Petronia amnis est in Tiberim perfluens, quam
magistratus auspicato transeunt, cum in Campo quid agere volunt, quod
genus auspici peremne vocatur ; cf. 45 : Cati fons ex quo aqua Petronia
in Tiberim fluit dictus quod in agro fuerit Cati). The Cati Fons (q.v.)
is now usually identified with a spring in the cortile di S. Felice of the
royal palace in the Via della Panetteria (cf. acqua di S. Felice, LA 236),
close to the ancient porta Salutaris. The Petronia stream probably
followed the line of the present underground channel which runs south-
west across the Piazza Venezia, and westward to the east end of the
porticus Pompeiana. From this point its course is doubtful. Whether
after uniting with the Aqua Sallustiana (q.v.) it turned south and
flowed into the river opposite the island (HJ 473 ; KH i, ii), or continued
west under the porticus Pompeiana, and flowed into the Tiber near
the navalia (AR 1909, 67-76), is as yet undetermined. The importance
of this stream lay in the fact that it was the boundary of the city auspices,
and necessitated the taking of the auspicia peremnia whenever the
magistrates crossed it to preside over the comitia centuriata (Mommsen,
Staatsrecht i. 97, 103 ; Jord. i. 1. 139, 267 ; University of California
Publications in Classical Philology ii. 272-273).
Phrygianum : see Magna Mater in Vaticano.
Pietas, aedes : a temple in circo Flaminio, mentioned in the list of
prodigia of 91 b.c., when it was struck by lightning (Obseq. 54; Cic.
de div. i. 98 ; cf. de leg. ii. 28). Its day of dedication was 1st December
389
This temple is sometimes thought to have been removed by Vespasian
when he built the forum Pacis (see Pacis Templum), sometimes to have
occupied the site of the so-called ‘ templum Romuli ’ (Jord. i. 2. 416-417 ;
Rosch. iii. 1889-1890; Gilb. ii. 81-84, where the identification of this
temple with the actual rotunda is ridiculous ; WR 165). But, according
to the most recent theory, the rectangular building which forms the main
part of the church of SS. Cosma e Damiano is the enclosure wall of the
temple of the Penates as restored by Augustus (AJA 1923, 414), which
is hidden under the church.
The brick wall at the back, which served to carry the forma Urbis
(see Pax, templum), is, in its present condition, even later than Septimius
Severus : while the rotunda belongs to the time of Maxentius (see Urbis
Fanum). The whole subject has been carefully studied by Whitehead
and Biasiotti (RPA iii. 83-122; AJA 1927, 1-18; cf. also Leclercq in
Cabrol, Diet. iii. 2350-2367 ; Mem. Am. Acad. v. 120).
Pentapylum : a building on the Palatine (Not. Reg. X), but otherwise
unknown (Pr. Reg. 183), unless it be identified with a possible temple
of Jupiter Ultor (q.v.) (Richmond in JRS iv. 196, places it near the
Domus Augusti).
Petronia, amnis : a brook that had its source in a spring, the Cati fons, on
the west slope of the Quirinal, and flowed across the campus Martius into
the Tiber (Fest. 250 : Petronia amnis est in Tiberim perfluens, quam
magistratus auspicato transeunt, cum in Campo quid agere volunt, quod
genus auspici peremne vocatur ; cf. 45 : Cati fons ex quo aqua Petronia
in Tiberim fluit dictus quod in agro fuerit Cati). The Cati Fons (q.v.)
is now usually identified with a spring in the cortile di S. Felice of the
royal palace in the Via della Panetteria (cf. acqua di S. Felice, LA 236),
close to the ancient porta Salutaris. The Petronia stream probably
followed the line of the present underground channel which runs south-
west across the Piazza Venezia, and westward to the east end of the
porticus Pompeiana. From this point its course is doubtful. Whether
after uniting with the Aqua Sallustiana (q.v.) it turned south and
flowed into the river opposite the island (HJ 473 ; KH i, ii), or continued
west under the porticus Pompeiana, and flowed into the Tiber near
the navalia (AR 1909, 67-76), is as yet undetermined. The importance
of this stream lay in the fact that it was the boundary of the city auspices,
and necessitated the taking of the auspicia peremnia whenever the
magistrates crossed it to preside over the comitia centuriata (Mommsen,
Staatsrecht i. 97, 103 ; Jord. i. 1. 139, 267 ; University of California
Publications in Classical Philology ii. 272-273).
Phrygianum : see Magna Mater in Vaticano.
Pietas, aedes : a temple in circo Flaminio, mentioned in the list of
prodigia of 91 b.c., when it was struck by lightning (Obseq. 54; Cic.
de div. i. 98 ; cf. de leg. ii. 28). Its day of dedication was 1st December