DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.44944#0584
512
TERMINUS—TESTACEUS MONS
(Fast. Ant. ap. NS 1921, 121). It was in Region I (Not. Cur. om.), and
probably between the porta Capena and the temple of Mars (HJ 217 ·
Gilb. iii. 100 ; WR 228 ; Rosch. v. 360 ; Pais, Fasti Triumphales Capito-
lini, ii. 479).
Terminus, fanum (βωμός, Dionys. : a shrine in the cella of Jupiter himself
(Dionys. iii. 69), the central one in the great temple of Jupiter Capitolinus,
perhaps consisting only of the rude stone that represented Terminus
(Serv. Aen. ix. 446 ; Lact. inst. i. 20, 37 ; Aug. de civ. Dei iv. 23), above
which there was an opening in the roof (Fest. 368 ; Ov. Fast. ii. 671, 672 ;
Serv. loc. citj. At least as early as the beginning of the second century
b.c. the presence of this cult was explained by the legend that there
were shrines or altars on this site of several deities who, when the
ground was desired for the temple of Jupiter, allowed themselves to be
dispossessed, except Terminus whose refusal to be moved was regarded
as a prophecy of the permanence of the cult and of Rome itself (Cato
ap. Fest. 162 ; Liv. i. 55. 3-4; Ov. Fast. ii. 667-678; Dionys. iii. 69).
Later Juventas was joined with Terminus in the story (Flor. i. 1. 7, 8 ;
Liv. v. 54. 7). The probable explanation is that the stone was a boundary
stone, a sign of Jupiter’s function as the guardian of truth and loyalty,
and that the opening in the roof indicated his connection with the sky
(Jord. i. 2. 12, 91 ; Gilb. ii. 422 ; Schwegler, Rom. Gesch. i. 794-795 ;
WR 136-138; Rodocanachi, Le Capitole 34; Rosch. ii. 668, 708;
v. 379-384)·
Terra Mater : a shrine of which the existence and location just south-
east of the baths of Caracalla seem to be indicated by the evidence of
three inscriptions (CIL vi. 770-772 ; cf. 30828), two of them found in the
vineyards behind the church of S. Cesareo (HJ 197 ; WR 195 ; Rosch.
v. 39i)·
Testaceus Mons : Monte Testaccio, the modern name for the artificial
hill, south of the Aventine and the horrea Galbiana in Region XIII,
which rises to a height of 50 metres above sea-level, and is about a kilo-
metre in circumference. It is composed entirely of fragments of earthen
jars {amphorae, dolia) in which corn, wine, and produce of various
kinds had been brought to the horrea from Africa, Spain, and Gaul.
Many of these jars were inscribed on the neck or handle, and a large
number of these inscriptions have been recovered (CIL xv. pp. 491-659).
They date from 140 to 251 a.d., but it is certain that the dumping of
debris on this spot began as early as the time of Augustus, and that the
hill had reached its present height by the middle of the second century.
The distribution of the debris shows that the hill rose in the midst of
the horrea. Under one of its sides the tomb of the Rusticelii (q.v.)
was found (HJ 177-178 ; Ann. d. Inst. 1878, 118-192; 1885, 232-234;
CIL xv. pp. 491-492, 560-565; BC 1911, 246-260; 1915, 41-46, 279,
291 ; 1914, 241-250; 1915,41-46, 279-290; Mem. Soc. Nat. Ant. France,
TERMINUS—TESTACEUS MONS
(Fast. Ant. ap. NS 1921, 121). It was in Region I (Not. Cur. om.), and
probably between the porta Capena and the temple of Mars (HJ 217 ·
Gilb. iii. 100 ; WR 228 ; Rosch. v. 360 ; Pais, Fasti Triumphales Capito-
lini, ii. 479).
Terminus, fanum (βωμός, Dionys. : a shrine in the cella of Jupiter himself
(Dionys. iii. 69), the central one in the great temple of Jupiter Capitolinus,
perhaps consisting only of the rude stone that represented Terminus
(Serv. Aen. ix. 446 ; Lact. inst. i. 20, 37 ; Aug. de civ. Dei iv. 23), above
which there was an opening in the roof (Fest. 368 ; Ov. Fast. ii. 671, 672 ;
Serv. loc. citj. At least as early as the beginning of the second century
b.c. the presence of this cult was explained by the legend that there
were shrines or altars on this site of several deities who, when the
ground was desired for the temple of Jupiter, allowed themselves to be
dispossessed, except Terminus whose refusal to be moved was regarded
as a prophecy of the permanence of the cult and of Rome itself (Cato
ap. Fest. 162 ; Liv. i. 55. 3-4; Ov. Fast. ii. 667-678; Dionys. iii. 69).
Later Juventas was joined with Terminus in the story (Flor. i. 1. 7, 8 ;
Liv. v. 54. 7). The probable explanation is that the stone was a boundary
stone, a sign of Jupiter’s function as the guardian of truth and loyalty,
and that the opening in the roof indicated his connection with the sky
(Jord. i. 2. 12, 91 ; Gilb. ii. 422 ; Schwegler, Rom. Gesch. i. 794-795 ;
WR 136-138; Rodocanachi, Le Capitole 34; Rosch. ii. 668, 708;
v. 379-384)·
Terra Mater : a shrine of which the existence and location just south-
east of the baths of Caracalla seem to be indicated by the evidence of
three inscriptions (CIL vi. 770-772 ; cf. 30828), two of them found in the
vineyards behind the church of S. Cesareo (HJ 197 ; WR 195 ; Rosch.
v. 39i)·
Testaceus Mons : Monte Testaccio, the modern name for the artificial
hill, south of the Aventine and the horrea Galbiana in Region XIII,
which rises to a height of 50 metres above sea-level, and is about a kilo-
metre in circumference. It is composed entirely of fragments of earthen
jars {amphorae, dolia) in which corn, wine, and produce of various
kinds had been brought to the horrea from Africa, Spain, and Gaul.
Many of these jars were inscribed on the neck or handle, and a large
number of these inscriptions have been recovered (CIL xv. pp. 491-659).
They date from 140 to 251 a.d., but it is certain that the dumping of
debris on this spot began as early as the time of Augustus, and that the
hill had reached its present height by the middle of the second century.
The distribution of the debris shows that the hill rose in the midst of
the horrea. Under one of its sides the tomb of the Rusticelii (q.v.)
was found (HJ 177-178 ; Ann. d. Inst. 1878, 118-192; 1885, 232-234;
CIL xv. pp. 491-492, 560-565; BC 1911, 246-260; 1915, 41-46, 279,
291 ; 1914, 241-250; 1915,41-46, 279-290; Mem. Soc. Nat. Ant. France,