IUPPITER ULTOR

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in Region X in the fourth century in the Notitia (Curiosum om. Victoris).
If so, the temple was on the Palatine, but this depends solely on the
Notitia (BC 1917, 84-92, where it is maintained to be of very early origin).
Among the prodigies of 42 b.c. the striking of lightning ες τον του
Νικαίου Δώς βωμόν is reported (Cass. Dio xlvii. 40. 2), evidently an
altar outside a temple or quite by itself ; and in a similar list for the
preceding year the same author states (xlv. 17. 2) κεραυνοί, τε yap
παμπληθείς επεσον καί τινες αυτών καί ες τον νεών τον τω Δα τω Κα7Γίτωλ/ω
εν τω Νικαίω οντα κατετκηψαν. The interpretation of this last passage is
not perfectly clear (Jord. i. 2. 50), but it is sometimes regarded as
evidence for the existence of a shrine of Iuppiter Victor on the Capitoline,
although probably wrongly. An inscription found on the Quirinal (CIL i1.
638 = vi. 438 = 30767 a, [D] Iovei victore T. Aebufti] M. f. iiivir [restijtuit)
attributed1 to T. Aebutius Carus, triumvir coloniae deducendae in 183 b.c.,
is also believed to prove the existence of a shrine of the same god
on that hill, but the whole question of the temple or temples of
Iuppiter Victor is still unsettled, and the uncertainty is increased by
Ovid’s statement (Fast. vi. 650) that on the Ides of June invicto sunt
data templa Iovi. Invictus is a less frequent cognomen, occurring in
some inscriptions, but is probably an alternative for victor. This temple
cannot, in any case, be that referred to by Ovid in the earlier passage
(see above). No identification of the Palatine temple with any existing
remains is now tenable (HJ 50 ; Rosch. ii. 679-681 ; Gilb. iii. 427 ;
BC 1917, 84-89 ; RE x. 1134-1135 ; TF 92-94, n. 2 ; WR 123).
Iuppiter Ultor. The existence of such a temple depends upon the evidence
of coins of Alexander Severus (Cohen, Nos. 101-104, esp. 102 ; cf.
94-100),2 which represent what seems to be the fagade of a temple
between projecting porticus, dedicated iovi ultori. This Bigot places
(BC 1911, 80-85) at the east angle of the Palatine, in the vigna Barberini,
fronting on the clivus Palatinus, the modern Via di S. Bonaventura.
He believes that here Elagabalus built his temple of Elagabalus (q.v.),
on a terrace erected by Hadrian, which Alexander Severus transformed
into a shrine of Juppiter Ultor, and that it was called Pentapylon, because
of its appearance; the name occurs in Not. (Reg. X). This hypothesis
cannot be said to be convincing (Geogr. Jahrb. xxxiv. 206 ; DAP 2.
xi. 117 ; cf. Mem. Line. 5. xvii. 53°), and the difficulty is, that the
remains of brick-faced concrete at the edge of the hill belong to the
time of Domitian (see Adonaea, Domus Augustiana), even if we reject
Hiilsen’s placing of the temple of Apollo Palatinus (q.v.) on the site.
Nor is there any proof that the temple was in Rome.
1 The emendation is Mommsen’s ; Hiibner (EE ii. p. 41, cf. CIL i2. 802 ; HJ 409, n. 43 ;
ILS 994) reads T. Mefu[lan(us)J and, at the beginning, [..]o . Iovei, following the seventeenth
century copy, which is our only source for the inscription. CIL vi. 475 (P. Corn. v. f. coso.
proba. mar.) may have been inscribed on the side of the same base. The temple is probably
alluded to in Quint, i. 4. 17.
2 See also Gnecchi, Med. ii. pl. 98. 7.