DOI Seite / Zitierlink:
https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.519#0059
LINEN OF OLD KINGDOM
St
are of double yarn, and only a few of the warp-
threads are doubled.
Sample 522 (pi. lviii, no. 7). This is made of the
finest fibre met with in the series of samples, having
a mean thickness of only 2TYr inch. About 25 per
cent, of the weft yarns are doubled ; of the warp
20 per cent, are doubled, while there are 10 per cent.
of them in parallel pairs — i.e. two "ends" in a
"shed." Previously the writer has seen parallel
pairs in the warps of cloths as follows : (a) Wrap-
pings from a mummy in the British Museum ; (<5) in
wrappings sent about two years ago by Mr. Ling
Roth of the Halifax Museum, who told me they
were of the xxvith dynasty, and brought to this
country by Lord Derby for the Liverpool Museum.
The following remarks occur in my report to him on
fifteen cloths sent;
"Sample X. The selvages of this linen fabric are
peculiar and somewhat elaborate. The outer margin
is composed of four sets of ten yarns parallel to each
other, forming one ' shed' of the loom ; then comes
a space T9ff inch wide, where the warp yarns are dyed
red; then three more sets of ten parallel yarns to-
gether as before, followed by the general body of the
cloth. The entire width of the selvages is 2\ inches.
The object of the accumulated strands is no doubt
to strengthen the sides.
"Sample XI. Fine linen cloth, with a selvage
i\ inch wide: the three outer and the two inner
strands of warp of the selvage are made up of many
parallel yarns, as in no. X, with an interspace of
-| inch." And again (c), early last year, I had two
samples of linen cloths sent by the Midland and
also by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Cos.,
which they use for making the waggon sheets, asking
me to ascertain if there was any difference in the
fabrics. All four were made of flax, of the same
" counts " of yarn, and the same quality of fibre ; the
only difference between them being that in each case
one sample was a simple weave, and in the others
all tlte warps were in parallel pairs. I have been
told that both Companies' experience has been that
the latter were the most durable. It struck me as
an interesting thing that a new improvement of the
present century was familiar to the Egyptians
thousands of years ago.
Sample 535. About 25 per cent, of the weft are
doubled yarns; while in the warp quite 75 per cent,
of them are doubled. The diameter of the warp
threads shews a very wide range.
Sample 550 (pi. lviii, fig. 8 ; x 20 diameters). A
very open, coarse, strong cloth ; about 70 per cent.
of both warp and weft yarns are doubled.
Sample 552 (pi. lviii, fig. 9; x 20 diameters). There
are about 30 per cent, of the weft of doubled yarns,
and about 25 per cent, of the warp. A very peculiar
thing in the weft is one instance of two " sheds "
being together, as shewn in the photograph.
Sample 554. A closely woven fabric of very
evenly spun yarn. About 60 per cent, of the weft
is doubled, whereas there are but few of the warp
yarns doubled.
The number of "picks" and "ends" per inch,
the measurements of diameters of the weft and
warp yarns, and the diameter of the fibres in each
sample will be found in the appended list:
Micro-analysis of linen cloths dating from the ivth and
vth dynasties from the cemetery of Kafr Ammar,
Upper Egypt.
1685
0 a
as
a : 0.
"8-gj
in
Diameter of threads.
Mean. Extremes.
Weft. Warp. Weft. Warp.
0
26
64
55
55
TT t0 T55
55*0 -fa
522
28
60
155
¥5
,V to T I?
TT t0 53
535
24
60
jhs
55
55 t0 TTT
55 t0 53
55°
20
32
5T
5f
TT t0 T55
55to 7S
552
24
64
55
55
5S t0 TTT
TTt0T5
554
21
52
55
55
55 t0 TT
55 t0 85
St
are of double yarn, and only a few of the warp-
threads are doubled.
Sample 522 (pi. lviii, no. 7). This is made of the
finest fibre met with in the series of samples, having
a mean thickness of only 2TYr inch. About 25 per
cent, of the weft yarns are doubled ; of the warp
20 per cent, are doubled, while there are 10 per cent.
of them in parallel pairs — i.e. two "ends" in a
"shed." Previously the writer has seen parallel
pairs in the warps of cloths as follows : (a) Wrap-
pings from a mummy in the British Museum ; (<5) in
wrappings sent about two years ago by Mr. Ling
Roth of the Halifax Museum, who told me they
were of the xxvith dynasty, and brought to this
country by Lord Derby for the Liverpool Museum.
The following remarks occur in my report to him on
fifteen cloths sent;
"Sample X. The selvages of this linen fabric are
peculiar and somewhat elaborate. The outer margin
is composed of four sets of ten yarns parallel to each
other, forming one ' shed' of the loom ; then comes
a space T9ff inch wide, where the warp yarns are dyed
red; then three more sets of ten parallel yarns to-
gether as before, followed by the general body of the
cloth. The entire width of the selvages is 2\ inches.
The object of the accumulated strands is no doubt
to strengthen the sides.
"Sample XI. Fine linen cloth, with a selvage
i\ inch wide: the three outer and the two inner
strands of warp of the selvage are made up of many
parallel yarns, as in no. X, with an interspace of
-| inch." And again (c), early last year, I had two
samples of linen cloths sent by the Midland and
also by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Cos.,
which they use for making the waggon sheets, asking
me to ascertain if there was any difference in the
fabrics. All four were made of flax, of the same
" counts " of yarn, and the same quality of fibre ; the
only difference between them being that in each case
one sample was a simple weave, and in the others
all tlte warps were in parallel pairs. I have been
told that both Companies' experience has been that
the latter were the most durable. It struck me as
an interesting thing that a new improvement of the
present century was familiar to the Egyptians
thousands of years ago.
Sample 535. About 25 per cent, of the weft are
doubled yarns; while in the warp quite 75 per cent,
of them are doubled. The diameter of the warp
threads shews a very wide range.
Sample 550 (pi. lviii, fig. 8 ; x 20 diameters). A
very open, coarse, strong cloth ; about 70 per cent.
of both warp and weft yarns are doubled.
Sample 552 (pi. lviii, fig. 9; x 20 diameters). There
are about 30 per cent, of the weft of doubled yarns,
and about 25 per cent, of the warp. A very peculiar
thing in the weft is one instance of two " sheds "
being together, as shewn in the photograph.
Sample 554. A closely woven fabric of very
evenly spun yarn. About 60 per cent, of the weft
is doubled, whereas there are but few of the warp
yarns doubled.
The number of "picks" and "ends" per inch,
the measurements of diameters of the weft and
warp yarns, and the diameter of the fibres in each
sample will be found in the appended list:
Micro-analysis of linen cloths dating from the ivth and
vth dynasties from the cemetery of Kafr Ammar,
Upper Egypt.
1685
0 a
as
a : 0.
"8-gj
in
Diameter of threads.
Mean. Extremes.
Weft. Warp. Weft. Warp.
0
26
64
55
55
TT t0 T55
55*0 -fa
522
28
60
155
¥5
,V to T I?
TT t0 53
535
24
60
jhs
55
55 t0 TTT
55 t0 53
55°
20
32
5T
5f
TT t0 T55
55to 7S
552
24
64
55
55
5S t0 TTT
TTt0T5
554
21
52
55
55
55 t0 TT
55 t0 85