DOI issue:
Nr. 3
DOI article:[Inhaltsverzeichnis]
DOI chapter:Artykuły
DOI article:Polanowska, Jolanta: Powązki - „Un jardin de plaisance, à la mode ou coutume anglaise”*
DOI Page / Citation link:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.71008#0563
Powązki - „Un jardin de plaisance, a la mode ou coutume anglaise"
553
Powązki: "Un Jardin de Plaisance,
d la Mode Ou Coutume Anglaise"
The summer residence of Prince and Princess Czarto-
ryski: Podolia General Adam Kazimierz (1734-1823)
and Izabela nee Flemming (1746-1835), both being
writers and patrons, founded in the suburbs of War-
saw on the border between the current districts of
Żoliborz and Wola, served as a centre of literary life
(so-called "Powązki poetry" trend) as well as social
of the Princess (renown fetes galantes and fetes
champętres). Despite Powązki having been investi-
gated by art historians before, certain topics are re-
tackled by the Author, namely the facility chronology,
contribution of the Prince and Princess, the resi-
dence's artistic genesis and its impact. Moreover,
sources demonstrate that there were actually two dif-
ferent and subsequent gardens: the pastoral one of the
Prince (1771-73) and the rustic one of the Princess
(1774-83).
Prince Adam Kazimierz, raised in the family's
cultural cosmopolitism, completed a Grand Tour
(1752-53), and prepared for his political activity in
England (1757-58) supervised by the lawyer Lord
Mansfield of Kenwood House near London. After
their marriage, the Prince and Princess made a trip to
Paris and London (1768-69), seeking models for their
Warsaw maison de plaisance. In 1770-71, they pur-
chased some land near the village of Powązki, about
4 km from their palace (Pałac Błękitny). The comple-
tion of the residence spanning 1771-83 included
earthworks and house construction supervised by the
architect Efraim Schroeder in 1771-72. In the spring
of 1772, the owners legally took over the property
(Latin intromission), i.e. the garden named "Princess
Czartoryska's Farm". In the summer of 1772, due to
the first partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Common-
wealth, the owners left for England and France.
The Princess returned in the autumn of 1773, while
the Prince was back in the spring of 1774 together
with the painter Jean-Pierre Norblin de la Gourdaine.
The furnishing of the residence began in 1774, for which
also the French translation of Thomasa Whately's
treatise Observations on Modern Gardening (Lon-
don 1770) was used, this translated by Franęois de
Paule Latapie as L'art de former les Jardins Mo-
dernes, ou l'art des Jardins Anglois. Traduit de
l'Anglois.... & une Description detaillee des Jardins
de Stowe, accompagnee du Plan (Paris 1771). Count
August Fryderyk Moszyński presented the King with
its adaptation, i.e. Essay sur le Jardinage Anglois
Varsovie M.DCC.LXXIV (dated: 17 January 1744;
manuscript Kraków Princes Czartoryski Library,
signature MNK 118), featuring drawings of the ar-
chitect Szymon Bogumił Zug. Following this, the
latter architect continued works at Powązki (extend-
ed in 1775), soon renamed "Olszyna" (Alder For-
est). The following were executed: rich interior
decoration of the Prince and Princess's residence
(1774); decoration in the form of artificial antiqui-
tized ruins (1775); and hameau houses (1775-76?).
Following this, visitors to the residence recorded:
ruins of the triumphal arch and fragments of an atiq-
uitizing colonnade (Johann Bernoulli, before
1778?); arbours, pavilions, ruins, also a stable in
a ruined amphitheatre, as well as a "Chinese" bridge
(William Coxe, 1778). Szymon Bogumił Zug also
enumerated (1784) in his description the following:
castle ruins, "an old tower", "an arch bridge", a Neo-
Gothic cow house with a "round tower". Around
1780, the house of the Prince and Princess was al-
tered to become a "Saxon manor".
In around 1781, the estate, considered to be com-
pleted, was documented by Marian Żebrowski in the
inventory Plan de Powązki a Madame la Princesse
Czartoryska. The plan shows its complex form of a
concentric property "grown" around the house
where the Prince and Princess lived: the residential
part (including the houses of the children and some
courtiers), forming a type of a village (hameau), was
surrounded by the forest and meadow section deco-
rated with pavilions. All together they constituted
the "ornamental fragment" whose development was
completed in 1783. In 1784, the Prince and Princess
moved their major residence from Warsaw to
Puławy which from then on became the major focus
ofthe Princess's interest in gardens. In 1784-96, re-
construction works were conducted in Powązki,
these including e.g. renovation of the house which
might have then gained the Gothic-Oriental ("Moor-
ish") faęade (1788-89). In 1789-91, the Princess
travelled to England and Scotland with her son
Adam Jerzy, where, among others, she employed the
gardener James Sauvage to transform Puławy. In the
1790 contract with him, she included the formula:
"Un jardin de plaisance, a la mode ou coutume
anglaise", which was summing up her Powązki ex-
perience. During the Kościuszko Insurrection battles
(1794) Olszyna was destroyed, following which the
estate was sold in 1796. Used as a commercial farm,
it soon fell into decay.
553
Powązki: "Un Jardin de Plaisance,
d la Mode Ou Coutume Anglaise"
The summer residence of Prince and Princess Czarto-
ryski: Podolia General Adam Kazimierz (1734-1823)
and Izabela nee Flemming (1746-1835), both being
writers and patrons, founded in the suburbs of War-
saw on the border between the current districts of
Żoliborz and Wola, served as a centre of literary life
(so-called "Powązki poetry" trend) as well as social
of the Princess (renown fetes galantes and fetes
champętres). Despite Powązki having been investi-
gated by art historians before, certain topics are re-
tackled by the Author, namely the facility chronology,
contribution of the Prince and Princess, the resi-
dence's artistic genesis and its impact. Moreover,
sources demonstrate that there were actually two dif-
ferent and subsequent gardens: the pastoral one of the
Prince (1771-73) and the rustic one of the Princess
(1774-83).
Prince Adam Kazimierz, raised in the family's
cultural cosmopolitism, completed a Grand Tour
(1752-53), and prepared for his political activity in
England (1757-58) supervised by the lawyer Lord
Mansfield of Kenwood House near London. After
their marriage, the Prince and Princess made a trip to
Paris and London (1768-69), seeking models for their
Warsaw maison de plaisance. In 1770-71, they pur-
chased some land near the village of Powązki, about
4 km from their palace (Pałac Błękitny). The comple-
tion of the residence spanning 1771-83 included
earthworks and house construction supervised by the
architect Efraim Schroeder in 1771-72. In the spring
of 1772, the owners legally took over the property
(Latin intromission), i.e. the garden named "Princess
Czartoryska's Farm". In the summer of 1772, due to
the first partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Common-
wealth, the owners left for England and France.
The Princess returned in the autumn of 1773, while
the Prince was back in the spring of 1774 together
with the painter Jean-Pierre Norblin de la Gourdaine.
The furnishing of the residence began in 1774, for which
also the French translation of Thomasa Whately's
treatise Observations on Modern Gardening (Lon-
don 1770) was used, this translated by Franęois de
Paule Latapie as L'art de former les Jardins Mo-
dernes, ou l'art des Jardins Anglois. Traduit de
l'Anglois.... & une Description detaillee des Jardins
de Stowe, accompagnee du Plan (Paris 1771). Count
August Fryderyk Moszyński presented the King with
its adaptation, i.e. Essay sur le Jardinage Anglois
Varsovie M.DCC.LXXIV (dated: 17 January 1744;
manuscript Kraków Princes Czartoryski Library,
signature MNK 118), featuring drawings of the ar-
chitect Szymon Bogumił Zug. Following this, the
latter architect continued works at Powązki (extend-
ed in 1775), soon renamed "Olszyna" (Alder For-
est). The following were executed: rich interior
decoration of the Prince and Princess's residence
(1774); decoration in the form of artificial antiqui-
tized ruins (1775); and hameau houses (1775-76?).
Following this, visitors to the residence recorded:
ruins of the triumphal arch and fragments of an atiq-
uitizing colonnade (Johann Bernoulli, before
1778?); arbours, pavilions, ruins, also a stable in
a ruined amphitheatre, as well as a "Chinese" bridge
(William Coxe, 1778). Szymon Bogumił Zug also
enumerated (1784) in his description the following:
castle ruins, "an old tower", "an arch bridge", a Neo-
Gothic cow house with a "round tower". Around
1780, the house of the Prince and Princess was al-
tered to become a "Saxon manor".
In around 1781, the estate, considered to be com-
pleted, was documented by Marian Żebrowski in the
inventory Plan de Powązki a Madame la Princesse
Czartoryska. The plan shows its complex form of a
concentric property "grown" around the house
where the Prince and Princess lived: the residential
part (including the houses of the children and some
courtiers), forming a type of a village (hameau), was
surrounded by the forest and meadow section deco-
rated with pavilions. All together they constituted
the "ornamental fragment" whose development was
completed in 1783. In 1784, the Prince and Princess
moved their major residence from Warsaw to
Puławy which from then on became the major focus
ofthe Princess's interest in gardens. In 1784-96, re-
construction works were conducted in Powązki,
these including e.g. renovation of the house which
might have then gained the Gothic-Oriental ("Moor-
ish") faęade (1788-89). In 1789-91, the Princess
travelled to England and Scotland with her son
Adam Jerzy, where, among others, she employed the
gardener James Sauvage to transform Puławy. In the
1790 contract with him, she included the formula:
"Un jardin de plaisance, a la mode ou coutume
anglaise", which was summing up her Powązki ex-
perience. During the Kościuszko Insurrection battles
(1794) Olszyna was destroyed, following which the
estate was sold in 1796. Used as a commercial farm,
it soon fell into decay.