DOI Heft:
Nr. 2
DOI Artikel:Rozprawy
DOI Artikel:Kwiatkowski, Marek: W sprawie autorstwa niektórych pałaców grupy wielkopolskiej: ze studiów nad klasycyzmem polskim
DOI Seite / Zitierlink:https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.45620#0185
O KILKU PAŁACACH GRUPY WIELKOPOLSKIEJ
* *
Tak więc rozszerzył się krąg prac Kamsetzera —
architekta, który dzięki nim urasta do rzędu naj-
potężniejszych indywidualności twórczych czasów sta-
nisławowskich. W chwili projektowania Siernik miał
lat 33. Przeżywał wówczas okres najbardziej płodny.
Właśnie na 2. połowę lat 80-tych XVIII w. przypadają
najważniejsze jego prace warszawskie, łącznie z Ła-
zienkami i Bagatelą. Wspaniale zapowiadający się
okres w życiu artysty przerwany został wypadkami
politycznymi i chorobą. Zakończył życie mając lat
zaledwie 42. Współcześni przez zawiść, a potomni
przez niewiedzę widzieli w nim tylko dekoratora
wnętrz, gdy tymczasem był równie genialnym archi-
tektem — nowatorem, twórcą nowych typów archi-
tektonicznych, czego dówodzą budowle w Siennikach
i Siedlcu.
Nowoodkryte prace Kamsetzera rzutują nie tylko
na jego twórczość lecz również na niezbyt dotąd
wyświetloną sprawę związków klasycyzmu polskiego
z angielskim, a także na sprawę wewnętrznych kore-
lacji klasycyzmu polskiego. Klasycyzm na terenie
Wielkopolski staje się de facto enklawą głównego
ośrodka —• Warszawy. Jego czołowymi reprezentan-
tami okazują się bowiem czołowi architekci war-
szawscy: Schroeger, Kamsetzer i Zawadzki.
ON THE AUTHENTICATION OF SOME OF THE PALACES IN THE WIELKOPOLSKA GROUP
(STUDIES IN POLISH CLASSICISM)
During the last twenty five years of the XVIIIth
century and during the first half of the XIX't& cen-
tury, palaces of the rectangular-projection type, with
columns on the court-yard side, and a three-side or
semi-circular front of the garden side, appeared in
Poland. Bacause of its popularity, this is now con-
sidered as a standard type of country pałace in the
history of Polish art. Palaces with a similar horizontal
projection are to be found mainly in Wielkopolska, —
the western part of Poland whose regional Capital
is Poznań, and they were mostly built between
1780-90 i.e. at an earlier period than in other parts
of Poland. The architect Henryk Ittar was thought
to have constructed the most representational of
these palaces. He is beśt known for his work in
Arkadia near Nieborów, where several of the buil-
dings in the park are his. A detailed study of his
art proves howewer that he could not have built
any of the Palaces near Poznań.
The most famous of the group is the pałace at
Sierniki, remarkable for its size and perfect propor-
tions. This pałace was built earlier than any other
of this group, between 1786-88. An analysis of its
architeCture convinces us 'that it is the work of Jan
.Chrystian Kamsetzer, King Stanisław August Po-
niatowsiki’s architect, who helped with the construc-
tion of the Łazienki Pałace in Warsaw. The designs
for the elevation of the Sierniki Pałace lead us to
believe that they were madę by Kamsetzer; they
are not signed but they are in the same style as
the drawings madę by Kamsetzer during the period
when the pałace was being built. The pałace in
ąuestion has many similarities with the Raczyński
Pałace in Warsaw which was built much earlier,
and was reconstructed by Kamsetzer, in 1786. Its
owner Count Raczyński came from Wielkopolska,
but his pałace, the interior of which was reconstruc-
ted by Kamsetzer, was at Rogalin. It was probably
through Raczyński that Kamsetzer came to be en-
gaged at Sierniki. The architectural conception of
the Sierniki Pałace has much in common with
traditional Polish tendencies in which emphasis is
laid on the central axis and on coupling the portico
\With the front on the garden side. The great simpli-
city in the slhape and ornamentation was entirely
the idea of Kamsetzer. Between 1'780—82 he tra-
velled in several european countries at the order
of the King. He seems to have been influenced
mostly by the architeCture of England which for
a long time had followed the traditions of Palladian
cłassicism.
In Siedlec near Poznań there ds a pałace, the
idate of building and 'the constructor of which are
unknown. In detail this pałace has many similarities
with the Sierniki Pałace which leads us to suppose
that it was also built by Kamsetzer. This supposi-
tion is are supported by the designs for the elevation.
They are not signed, but they clearly seem to have
been drawn by Kamsetzer. The architectural con-
ception of this pałace differs from the conception
of the Sierniki Pałace: the side elements being madę
higher. This idea comes from Serlio, under whose
influence 'the English architects, beginning with
Inigo Jones and induding 'the paladianists of the
XVIIIth century, had been working. Thornton Hall,
,built by J. Paine aibout 1760 is one of several
,examples of this idea. This or similar palacds could
have influenced Kamsetzer who was in England in
1782. No similar palaces were built immediateły
ąfterwards in Poland. It was only in the XIXth
century that they appeared in 1'anger numbers in
Poland.
Among the classicist palaces in Wielkopolska the
one of the Pawłowice is the most remarkable. This
169
* *
Tak więc rozszerzył się krąg prac Kamsetzera —
architekta, który dzięki nim urasta do rzędu naj-
potężniejszych indywidualności twórczych czasów sta-
nisławowskich. W chwili projektowania Siernik miał
lat 33. Przeżywał wówczas okres najbardziej płodny.
Właśnie na 2. połowę lat 80-tych XVIII w. przypadają
najważniejsze jego prace warszawskie, łącznie z Ła-
zienkami i Bagatelą. Wspaniale zapowiadający się
okres w życiu artysty przerwany został wypadkami
politycznymi i chorobą. Zakończył życie mając lat
zaledwie 42. Współcześni przez zawiść, a potomni
przez niewiedzę widzieli w nim tylko dekoratora
wnętrz, gdy tymczasem był równie genialnym archi-
tektem — nowatorem, twórcą nowych typów archi-
tektonicznych, czego dówodzą budowle w Siennikach
i Siedlcu.
Nowoodkryte prace Kamsetzera rzutują nie tylko
na jego twórczość lecz również na niezbyt dotąd
wyświetloną sprawę związków klasycyzmu polskiego
z angielskim, a także na sprawę wewnętrznych kore-
lacji klasycyzmu polskiego. Klasycyzm na terenie
Wielkopolski staje się de facto enklawą głównego
ośrodka —• Warszawy. Jego czołowymi reprezentan-
tami okazują się bowiem czołowi architekci war-
szawscy: Schroeger, Kamsetzer i Zawadzki.
ON THE AUTHENTICATION OF SOME OF THE PALACES IN THE WIELKOPOLSKA GROUP
(STUDIES IN POLISH CLASSICISM)
During the last twenty five years of the XVIIIth
century and during the first half of the XIX't& cen-
tury, palaces of the rectangular-projection type, with
columns on the court-yard side, and a three-side or
semi-circular front of the garden side, appeared in
Poland. Bacause of its popularity, this is now con-
sidered as a standard type of country pałace in the
history of Polish art. Palaces with a similar horizontal
projection are to be found mainly in Wielkopolska, —
the western part of Poland whose regional Capital
is Poznań, and they were mostly built between
1780-90 i.e. at an earlier period than in other parts
of Poland. The architect Henryk Ittar was thought
to have constructed the most representational of
these palaces. He is beśt known for his work in
Arkadia near Nieborów, where several of the buil-
dings in the park are his. A detailed study of his
art proves howewer that he could not have built
any of the Palaces near Poznań.
The most famous of the group is the pałace at
Sierniki, remarkable for its size and perfect propor-
tions. This pałace was built earlier than any other
of this group, between 1786-88. An analysis of its
architeCture convinces us 'that it is the work of Jan
.Chrystian Kamsetzer, King Stanisław August Po-
niatowsiki’s architect, who helped with the construc-
tion of the Łazienki Pałace in Warsaw. The designs
for the elevation of the Sierniki Pałace lead us to
believe that they were madę by Kamsetzer; they
are not signed but they are in the same style as
the drawings madę by Kamsetzer during the period
when the pałace was being built. The pałace in
ąuestion has many similarities with the Raczyński
Pałace in Warsaw which was built much earlier,
and was reconstructed by Kamsetzer, in 1786. Its
owner Count Raczyński came from Wielkopolska,
but his pałace, the interior of which was reconstruc-
ted by Kamsetzer, was at Rogalin. It was probably
through Raczyński that Kamsetzer came to be en-
gaged at Sierniki. The architectural conception of
the Sierniki Pałace has much in common with
traditional Polish tendencies in which emphasis is
laid on the central axis and on coupling the portico
\With the front on the garden side. The great simpli-
city in the slhape and ornamentation was entirely
the idea of Kamsetzer. Between 1'780—82 he tra-
velled in several european countries at the order
of the King. He seems to have been influenced
mostly by the architeCture of England which for
a long time had followed the traditions of Palladian
cłassicism.
In Siedlec near Poznań there ds a pałace, the
idate of building and 'the constructor of which are
unknown. In detail this pałace has many similarities
with the Sierniki Pałace which leads us to suppose
that it was also built by Kamsetzer. This supposi-
tion is are supported by the designs for the elevation.
They are not signed, but they clearly seem to have
been drawn by Kamsetzer. The architectural con-
ception of this pałace differs from the conception
of the Sierniki Pałace: the side elements being madę
higher. This idea comes from Serlio, under whose
influence 'the English architects, beginning with
Inigo Jones and induding 'the paladianists of the
XVIIIth century, had been working. Thornton Hall,
,built by J. Paine aibout 1760 is one of several
,examples of this idea. This or similar palacds could
have influenced Kamsetzer who was in England in
1782. No similar palaces were built immediateły
ąfterwards in Poland. It was only in the XIXth
century that they appeared in 1'anger numbers in
Poland.
Among the classicist palaces in Wielkopolska the
one of the Pawłowice is the most remarkable. This
169