DOI Artikel:
Cole, Rufus: The Hospital of the Rockefeller Institute, New York
DOI Seite / Zitierlink: https://doi.org/10.11588/diglit.57254#0519
Rivers has studied the growth of virus in living cells outside the body, and has
not found any evidence of multiplication of the virus except under conditions in
which actively multiplying cells are present.
Chemistry. The Chemical work of the hospital has passed through several phases
depending on the clinical problems being investigated. In 1914, McCrudden
occupied himself with the disturbed calcium metabolism occurring in cases of in-
testinal infantilism, and this led to the study of the same process in osteomalacia
and achondroplasia. At the same time the problem of the retention of Chlorides in
pneumonia was investigated by Peabody. This storage was found not to take place
in any particular locality or organ, and not in the lung exudate, but an excess of
Chlorides was found widely distributed throughout the tissues. It developed that
while potassium and magnesium are excreted in normal amounts, sodium and
calcium are retained.
Van Slyke has developed methods for the determination of amino-acids through
which it has been shown that protein in passing through the intestines is split into
the constituent amino-acids which are burned in the tissues or converted into urea
in the liver. This study was facilitated by devising (with Ebeling) a method for
the direct withdrawal of blood from the portal vein of dogs. Studies were made on
urease, which is present in the soy bean, and by the use of which quantitative urea
determination was made easily practicable.
The work on diabetes led to the improvement in methods for estimating oxygen
and carbon dioxide in the blood (Van Slyke). The possession of these accurate and
convenient methods permitted a study of the general maintenance of the acid-base
balance in the body to be made, which had an important bearing on the defmition
and significance of acidosis.
The maintenance of the internal environment as defined by Henderson became
a subject of investigation by Van Slyke. Perhaps the most notable contribution has
been the explanation of the distribution of electrolytes between red blood cells and
blood plasma. The conditions found experimentally conform to the requirements
of the so-called Donnan-Gibbs equilibrium. This investigation, in which pure crys-
talline hemoglobin was required in large amounts (supplied by Heidelberger) has
been especially fruitful. That a similar equilibrium exists between plasma and
lymph has also been found by Van Slyke and his associates.
The development and perfection of readily available methods for oxygen and
carbon dioxide determinations have been essential aspects of these investigations.
Extremely small amounts of substances, the end products of which are gaseous,
can be accurately analyzed by these methods. In the clinic these methods have been
of inestimable value. Thus estimations not only of oxygen and carbon dioxide, but
of carbon monoxide, non-protein and total nitrogen, amino-nitrogen, calcium and
total bases and sugar, have all come under the dominance of these methods. The
apparatus is readily employed accurately by workers who are not highly skilled,
a fact of importance in the clinic where many estimations must be made. Among
the new methods devised are those for the quantitative determination of Chlorides,
ß-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, and acetone; and a colorimetric method for
determining hydrogen ion concentration in the blood.
501
not found any evidence of multiplication of the virus except under conditions in
which actively multiplying cells are present.
Chemistry. The Chemical work of the hospital has passed through several phases
depending on the clinical problems being investigated. In 1914, McCrudden
occupied himself with the disturbed calcium metabolism occurring in cases of in-
testinal infantilism, and this led to the study of the same process in osteomalacia
and achondroplasia. At the same time the problem of the retention of Chlorides in
pneumonia was investigated by Peabody. This storage was found not to take place
in any particular locality or organ, and not in the lung exudate, but an excess of
Chlorides was found widely distributed throughout the tissues. It developed that
while potassium and magnesium are excreted in normal amounts, sodium and
calcium are retained.
Van Slyke has developed methods for the determination of amino-acids through
which it has been shown that protein in passing through the intestines is split into
the constituent amino-acids which are burned in the tissues or converted into urea
in the liver. This study was facilitated by devising (with Ebeling) a method for
the direct withdrawal of blood from the portal vein of dogs. Studies were made on
urease, which is present in the soy bean, and by the use of which quantitative urea
determination was made easily practicable.
The work on diabetes led to the improvement in methods for estimating oxygen
and carbon dioxide in the blood (Van Slyke). The possession of these accurate and
convenient methods permitted a study of the general maintenance of the acid-base
balance in the body to be made, which had an important bearing on the defmition
and significance of acidosis.
The maintenance of the internal environment as defined by Henderson became
a subject of investigation by Van Slyke. Perhaps the most notable contribution has
been the explanation of the distribution of electrolytes between red blood cells and
blood plasma. The conditions found experimentally conform to the requirements
of the so-called Donnan-Gibbs equilibrium. This investigation, in which pure crys-
talline hemoglobin was required in large amounts (supplied by Heidelberger) has
been especially fruitful. That a similar equilibrium exists between plasma and
lymph has also been found by Van Slyke and his associates.
The development and perfection of readily available methods for oxygen and
carbon dioxide determinations have been essential aspects of these investigations.
Extremely small amounts of substances, the end products of which are gaseous,
can be accurately analyzed by these methods. In the clinic these methods have been
of inestimable value. Thus estimations not only of oxygen and carbon dioxide, but
of carbon monoxide, non-protein and total nitrogen, amino-nitrogen, calcium and
total bases and sugar, have all come under the dominance of these methods. The
apparatus is readily employed accurately by workers who are not highly skilled,
a fact of importance in the clinic where many estimations must be made. Among
the new methods devised are those for the quantitative determination of Chlorides,
ß-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid, and acetone; and a colorimetric method for
determining hydrogen ion concentration in the blood.
501